fig4
Figure 4. Comparison of MAE error maps of reconstructed TEC maps using PDE-Net2, PINN, and SINDy at (A) from 00:00 to 08:00 UT on March 22, 2011, (B) from 00:00 to 08:00 UT on September 23, 2011, with unit: tecU(1016 electrons/m3). MAE: Mean absolute error; TEC: total electron content; PDE: partial differential equation; PINN: physics-informed neural network; SINDy: sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics.
