fig6

Figure 6. Exogenous IL-32 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. (A-D) Glioma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of IL-32 (0, 20, 40, 60 ng/mL). Higher IL-32 levels progressively enhanced cell proliferation compared to the control group (0 ng/mL); (E and F) IL-32 stimulation at increasing doses (0, 20, 40, 60 ng/mL) significantly promoted glioma cell migration, as observed in quantitative assays; (G and H) Similarly, glioma cells exposed to IL-32 exhibited a dose-dependent increase in invasive capacity, suggesting its role in tumor aggressiveness. ns: not significant; **, P < 0.01. IL-32: Interleukin-32; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Scale bar, 100 μm.