fig1

Figure 1. (A) Strategies for achieving stretchability in TE devices, including three main categories: structural engineering^[24,25] [Copyright © 2018, The Author(s); © 2020, American Chemical Society], fiber-based approaches^[26,27] [Copyright © 2020, The Author(s); © 2025, American Chemical Society], and intrinsically stretchable materials^[28,29] [Copyright © 2020, The Author(s); © 2024 Wiley]; (B) Application of S-TEGs for respiratory monitoring^[30] [Copyright © 2025, The Author(s)]; (C) Mechanisms of S-TEGs in wound treatment, including microcurrent therapy and reactive oxygen species generation^[31] [Copyright © 2023, The Author(s)]; (D) Application of S-TEGs in integrated closed-loop systems for simultaneous monitoring and therapy^[32] (Copyright © 2025 Wiley). TE: Thermoelectric; S-TEGs: stretchable TE generators; ΔT: temperature difference.