fig15
Figure 15. Applications as emergency energy supply in extreme environments. (A) Integrated arrays used for underwater communication and monitoring[54]. Reproduced under CC BY license from Daozhi Shen, 2024, Advanced Science; (B) In the arid desert, the wireless tracker sends real-time location data to the display[40]. Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry; (C) Self-powered devices driven under various climatic conditions[35]. Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2025, John Wiley & Sons; (D) Power supply for electronic devices in low-temperature environments[178]. Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2025, Royal Society of Chemistry. ECG: electrocardiogram; EEG: electroencephalogram; MEG: moisture-electric generator.








