fig5

Figure 5. Application of the machine learning-assisted real-time pilot respiratory monitoring system. (A) Schematic diagram of the respiratory monitoring and signal processing system; (B) Loss function and accuracy for the training and validation sets over 300 epochs; (C) Confusion matrix for the classification of 6 respiratory patterns, where Labels 1-6 correspond to normal, rapid, deep, shallow, speaking, and dyspneic breath, respectively; (D) Classification precision of 6 respiratory patterns; (E) User interface for the real-time pilot respiratory monitoring system. T-D: Time-domain; F-D: frequency-domain; T-F: time-frequency; STFT: short-time Fourier transform; BP: back propagation; Acc: accuracy.