fig3

Figure 3. (A) Schematic illustration of charge traps and their effect on charge dispersion pathways within different nanocomposites; (B) Charge transport mechanisms in raw MXene-0/PVDF, MXene@PDA/PVDF and core@double-shell O-MXene@PDA/PVDF systems; (C) Charge scattering in the O-MXene@PDA/PVDF system. MXene: Titanium carbide; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; PDA: polydopamine; O-MXene: surface-oxidized MXene.