fig1

Figure 1. TEM images of (A) MXene and (B) O-MXene@PDA nanosheets; SEM images of (C) raw MXene and (D) O-MXene@PDA; (E) EDS elemental mapping of O-MXene@PDA; FT-IR spectra (F) of MXene, O-MXene and O-MXene@PDA; XRD patterns of (G) Ti₃AlC₂, MXene, MXene@PDA and O-MXene@PDA, (H-J) XPS spectra of O-MXene@PDA, Ti 2p_3/2 and N 1s; SEM images of PVDF composites incorporating (K and L) pure MXene and (M and N) O-MXene@PDA. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; MXene: titanium carbide; O-MXene: oxidized MXene; PDA: polydopamine; EDS: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; FT-IR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Ti₃AlC₂: titanium aluminum carbide; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride.