fig7

Figure 7. GI soft robots for precise navigation, localization, and targeted drug delivery within the digestive tract. (A) Magnetic multilayer soft robot achieves on-demand targeted drug delivery and adhesion to gastric ulcers through programmable flipping and translational motions under ultrasound guidance. Reprinted with permission from^[52]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature; (B) RFID-equipped millipede-inspired soft robot enables precise magnetic localization and controlled intragastric navigation for site-specific drug delivery throughout the digestive tract. Reprinted with permission from^[82]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier Inc.; (C) A magnetic living hydrogel designed for targeted GI localization and retention via magnetic navigation. Reprinted with permission from^[181]. Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH; (D) Programmable soft robot dispenses four distinct drugs with reprogrammable sequences and dosages at multiple targeted regions using magnetic two-anchor crawling locomotion. Reprinted with permission from^[182]. Copyright 2024, Wiley‐VCH. GI: Gastrointestinal; RFID: radio frequency identification.