REFERENCES
1. Fukuoka, Y.; Otaka, K.; Takeuchi, R.; Shigemori, K.; Inoue, K. Mechanical designs for field undulatory locomotion by a wheeled snake-like robot with decoupled neural oscillators. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2023, 39, 959-77.
2. Huang, X.; Zou, J.; Gu, G. Kinematic modeling and control of variable curvature soft continuum robots. IEEE/ASME. Trans. Mechatron. 2021, 26, 3175-85.
3. Han, Z.; Liu, Z.; He, W.; Li, G. Distributed parameter modeling and boundary control of an octopus tentacle-inspired soft robot. IEEE. Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. 2022, 30, 1244-56.
4. Zhang, B.; Fan, Y.; Yang, P.; Cao, T.; Liao, H. Worm-like soft robot for complicated tubular environments. Soft. Robot. 2019, 6, 399-413.
5. Blumenschein, L. H.; Koehler, M.; Usevitch, N. S.; Hawkes, E. W.; Rucker, D. C.; Okamura, A. M. Geometric solutions for general actuator routing on inflated-beam soft growing robots. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2022, 38, 1820-40.
6. Xiong, W.; Feng, H.; Liwang, H.; et al. Multifunctional tactile feedbacks towards compliant robot manipulations via 3D-shaped electronic skin. IEEE. Sensors. J. 2022, 22, 9046-56.
7. Hawkes, E. W.; Blumenschein, L. H.; Greer, J. D.; Okamura, A. M. A soft robot that navigates its environment through growth. Sci. Robot. 2017, 2, eaan3028.
8. Kim, Y.; Yuk, H.; Zhao, R.; Chester, S. A.; Zhao, X. Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming soft materials. Nature 2018, 558, 274-9.
9. Fang, G.; Matte, C.; Scharff, R. B. N.; Kwok, T.; Wang, C. C. L. Kinematics of soft robots by geometric computing. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2020, 36, 1272-86.
10. Huang, X.; Zhu, X.; Gu, G. Kinematic modeling and characterization of soft parallel robots. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2022, 38, 3792-806.
11. Gong, Z.; Fang, X.; Chen, X.; et al. A soft manipulator for efficient delicate grasping in shallow water: modeling, control, and real-world experiments. Int. J. Robot. Res. 2021, 40, 449-69.
12. Xu, Y.; Song, D.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, S.; Shi, C. A novel extensible continuum robot with growing motion capability inspired by plant growth for path-following in transoral laryngeal surgery. Soft. Robot. 2024, 11, 171-82.
13. Troncoso, D. A.; Robles-Linares, J. A.; Russo, M.; et al. A continuum robot for remote applications: from industrial to medical surgery with slender continuum robots. IEEE. Robot. Automat. Mag. 2023, 30, 94-105.
14. Tao, Y.; Han, F.; Shi, C.; Yang, R.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Y. Liquid metal-based flexible and wearable sensor for functional human-machine interface. Micromachines 2022, 13, 1429.
15. Xu, Y.; Su, Y.; Xu, X.; et al. Porous liquid metal-elastomer composites with high leakage resistance and antimicrobial property for skin-interfaced bioelectronics. Sci. Adv. 2023, 9, eadf0575.
16. Thuruthel, T. G.; Shih, B.; Laschi, C.; Tolley, M. T. Soft robot perception using embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks. Sci. Robot. 2019, 4, eaav1488.
17. Li, D.; Wang, H.; Han, Z.; et al. Anisotropic structural carbon nanotube aerogels for piezoresistive strain sensors with multidirectional sensitivity. Compos. Part. B. Eng. 2025, 291, 112028.
18. Pradela-Filho, L. A.; Andreotti, I. A.; Carvalho, J. H.; et al. Glass varnish-based carbon conductive ink: a new way to produce disposable electrochemical sensors. Sens. Actuators. B. Chem. 2020, 305, 127433.
19. Truby, R. L.; Wehner, M.; Grosskopf, A. K.; et al. Soft somatosensitive actuators via embedded 3D printing. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, e1706383.
20. Yu, H.; Bian, J.; Chen, F.; Ji, J.; Huang, Y. Ultrathin, graphene-in-polyimide strain sensor via laser-induced interfacial ablation of polyimide. Adv. Elect. Mater. 2023, 9, 2201086.
21. Mbakop, S.; Tagne, G.; Drakunov, S.; Merzouki, R. Parametric PH curves model based kinematic control of the shape of mobile soft manipulators in unstructured environment. IEEE. Trans. Ind. Electron. 2022, 69, 10292-300.
22. Duan, L.; Aragon-Camarasa, G. A continuous robot vision approach for predicting shapes and visually perceived weights of garments. IEEE. Robot. Autom. Lett. 2022, 7, 7950-7.
23. Song, S.; Ge, H.; Wang, J.; Meng, M. Q. Real-time multi-object magnetic tracking for multi-arm continuum robots. IEEE. Trans. Instrum. Meas. 2021, 70, 1-9.
24. Li, T.; Qiu, L.; Ren, H. Distributed curvature sensing and shape reconstruction for soft manipulators with irregular cross sections based on parallel dual-FBG arrays. IEEE/ASME. Trans. Mechatron. 2020, 25, 406-17.
25. Gao, A.; Lin, Z.; Zhou, C.; et al. Body contact estimation of continuum robots with tension-profile sensing of actuation fibers. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2024, 40, 1492-508.
26. Zhong, L.; Tian, X.; Wang, J.; et al. Calibration-free optical waveguide bending sensor for soft robots. Soft. Sci. 2025, 5, 3.
27. Rucker, D. C.; Webster Iii, R. J. Statics and dynamics of continuum robots with general tendon routing and external loading. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2011, 27, 1033-44.
28. Till, J.; Aloi, V.; Rucker, C. Real-time dynamics of soft and continuum robots based on Cosserat rod models. Int. J. Robot. Res. 2019, 38, 723-46.
29. Ay, M. Modeling and analysis of a modular-structured tendon-driven continuum robot for the three-dimensional end effector coordinate. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory. 2023, 127, 102787.
30. Zhao, W.; Liu, L.; Lan, X.; Leng, J.; Liu, Y. Thermomechanical constitutive models of shape memory polymers and their composites. Appl. Mech. Rev. 2023, 75, 020802.
31. Li, J.; Huang, Y. Design and control of turtle locomotion-inspired robots actuated by antagonistic shape memory alloy springs. IEEE/ASME. Trans. Mechatron. 2022, 27, 4851-62.
32. An, X.; Cui, Y.; Sun, H.; Shao, Q.; Zhao, H. Active-cooling-in-the-loop controller design and implementation for an SMA-driven soft robotic tentacle. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2023, 39, 2325-41.
33. Chen, Y.; Wu, B.; Jin, J.; Xu, K. A variable curvature model for multi-backbone continuum robots to account for inter-segment coupling and external disturbance. IEEE. Robot. Autom. Lett. 2021, 6, 1590-7.
34. Renda, F.; Boyer, F.; Dias, J.; Seneviratne, L. Discrete cosserat approach for multisection soft manipulator dynamics. IEEE. Trans. Robot. 2018, 34, 1518-33.