fig2

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of biomarker partitioning across biofluid compartments and corresponding electrochemical sensing modalities. (A) Schematic of biomarker transport pathways (red arrows: paracellular, black arrows: transcellular) and analytes (blue circles: small molecules, green squares: larger analytes) across blood, ISF, and sweat compartments; (B) Illustrations of implantable, microneedle, and wearable electrochemical sensors. ISF: Interstitial fluid.