fig11

Figure 11. Intestinal anti-inflammatory and regenerative applications of metal nanozyme-hydrogel systems. (A) Schematic illustration of a nanocoating-hydrogel microsphere system that enhances intestinal colonization of probiotics. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[151]. Copyright 2025, American Chemical Society; Figure 11A is reproduced from (Zhou, P., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made; (B) Schematic diagram showing MnCe@LR/AMs targeting colonic inflammation via electrostatic adsorption and mannose receptor-mediated recognition. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[151]. Copyright 2025, American Chemical Society; Figure 11B is reproduced from (Zhou, P., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made; (C) MnCe@LR/AMs derived from Mn@CeO₂ nanozymes tolerate gastric acid, target inflamed colonic sites, scavenge ROS, repair the intestinal barrier, and modulate gut microbiota, metabolism, and immune responses. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[151]. Copyright 2025, American Chemical Society; Figure 11C is reproduced from (Zhou, P., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made; (D) Schematic illustration showing that W-PB gel treats IBD by efficiently scavenging ROS, alleviating inflammation, and modulating the gut microbiota. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[152]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier; (E) Experimental flowchart of the treatment on IBD mice model. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[152]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier; (F) H&E staining and AB/PAS histological staining. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[152]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. MnCe@LR/AMs: Dual-targeted Mn@CeO₂ nanozyme-modified probiotic hydrogel microsphere; ROS: reactive oxygen species; W-PB: tungsten-doped Prussian blue; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; H&E: Hematoxylin and Eosin; AB: Alcian blue; PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; DSPE: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; PEG: polyethylene glycol; LR: L. reuteri; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1; CAT: catalase; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; M1: M1 macrophage; M2: M2 macrophage; IFN: interferon; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; PB: Prussian blue; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid.