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Figure 10. Anti-inflammatory and regenerative applications of metal nanozyme-hydrogel systems in bone and joint tissues. (A) Mn3O4@CS hydrogel alleviated cartilage degeneration in a mice model. (i) Representative micro-CT images for each group, and (ii) H&E and (iii) Safranin O staining used to evaluate cartilage degeneration. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[141]. Copyright 2023, Wiley; (B) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of a DNA hydrogel co-loaded with MSC-derived mitochondria and nanozymes, and its application in RA therapy. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[142]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier; Figure 10B is reproduced from (Wang, F., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made; (C) Schematic representation of the hydrogel platform designed for RA treatment. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[144]. Copyright 2025, Nature; (D) Proposed mechanism of ROS scavenging by the DAGQD@Cu SAN. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[144]. Copyright 2025, Nature; Figure 10D is reproduced from (He, H., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made; (E) (i) An anatomic illustration of hydrogel adhesion within the joint; (ii) FESEM and (iii) metallographic microscopy images of the hydrogel-cartilage cross-section. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[144]. Copyright 2025, Nature. Figure 10E is reproduced from (He, H., 2025) under the CC BY-NC-ND license. No modifications were made. CS: Chondroitin sulfate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SAN: single-atom nanozyme; CTL: control; DMM: destabilization of the medial meniscus; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; RGD: Arg-Gly-Asp; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; M1: M1 macrophage; M2: M2 macrophage; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; CD206: cluster of differentiation 206; DA-HA: dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid; KGN: kartogenin; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; GQD: graphene quantum dot; CAT: catalase; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; DAGQD: dopamine-derived graphene quantum dot.
