fig5

Figure 5. Encapsulation strategies for IFs devices. (A) Biomimetic Janus bioadhesive encapsulation based on collagen, achieving rapid and stable tissue adhesion while adapting to the moist and dynamic ocular environment; (B) Schematic showing that the Janus is encapsulated by constructing a coating composed of 4-arm-PEG-NHS and ε-PLL. (A and B) are reproduced from Reference^[69]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier; (C) Fabrication and encapsulation process of a multilayer composite film and an electrothermal smart device^[73]. Copyright 2025, American Chemical Society; (D) Integration of conductive components such as MXene nanosheets and PEDOT:PSS into the fiber matrix forms a composite system capable of simultaneous encapsulation and efficient signal transmission, suitable for contact-lens-based tear sensors and optic nerve interfaces^[74]. Copyright 2024 The Author(s). IFs: Intelligent fibers; PEG: polyethylene glycol; NHS: N-hydroxysuccinimide; ε-PLL: ε-Poly-L-lysine; MXene: transition metal carbides and/or nitrides; PEDOT:PSS: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate); ACS: artificial cornea stromal substitutes.