fig4

Figure 4. Functional integration processes for IFs. (A) Schematic of the supramolecular self-assembly of planar nanographenes with peripheral substituents; (B) TEM and (C) AFM images of the resulting supramolecular nanofibers; (D) Molecular simulation of a double-helical self-assembled nanofiber, showing its helical pitch. (A-D) are reproduced from Reference^[63]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; (E) Schematic illustrating the thermal drawing of a multimaterial preform into continuous fibers, alongside the preparation of microtextured thermoplastic elastomers using a patterned mask^[65]. Copyright 2022, The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (F) Diagram of the scanning electrochemical probe lithography process, demonstrating the principle of voltage-regulated local etching of N-GaAs and the resulting etched grooves produced under constant voltage^[66]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. IFs: Intelligent fibers; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; AFM: atomic force microscopy; SEBs: poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene); N-GaAs: n-type gallium arsenide.