fig3

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the unique properties of ionogels, such as (A) mechanical properties^[29]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (B) self-healing^[69]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley & Sons; (C) ionic conductivity^[32]. Copyright 2017, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim; (D) adhesion^[29]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (E) antibacterial^[70]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier B.V; (F) biocompatibility^[29]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society.