fig11
Figure 11. Wearable sensors based on passive communication technology. (A) Wireless, multimodal sensors for continuous measurement of pressure, temperature, and hydration of patients in wheelchairs. (i) Schematic illustration of the movable system, (ii) Schematic illustration of the battery-free, wireless sensing platform that includes crack-activated pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and GSR sensor[259]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature; (B) NFC-based PIDS. (i) Structure, components, and multiple modules of PIDS, (ii) Block diagram of PIDS, (iii) Photograph of real-time detection. Reproduced with permission[260]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature Limited; (C) The fully integrated passive wireless sensing system based on RFID technology. Reproduced with permission[267]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (D) Schematic illustration of a passive RFID tag that recognizes eye movement[270]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (E) Hydrogel bio interface for implantable pressure sensors based on RC technology. (i) Exploded view, (ii) Detection principle. Reproduced with permission[271]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (F) Wireless immunoassays for virus aerosol detection, multiplexed readout of ImmHR and temperature sensors. Reproduced with permission [314]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature Limited. GSR: Galvanic skin response; NFC: near field communication; PIDS: pathogen infection diagnosis system; RFID: radio frequency identification; RC: resonant coupling; SOC: system on chip; fPCB: flexible printed circuit board; TBS: temperature biosensor; RBS: respiration biosensor; PI: polyimide; IBS: immuno biosensor; CPU: central processing unit; RAM: random access memory; ADC: analog-to-digital converter; MWS: multiparameter passive wireless sensor; PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); POC: poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate); SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; IR: infrared.
