fig8

4D-printed soft microrobots: manufacturing, materials, actuation and applications

Figure 8. Applications in targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and stents. (A) Magnetically propelled pH-responsive hydrogel microrobots for targeted gripping, transport, and pH-triggered doxorubicin release. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[136]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; (B) Swallowable capsule with a star-shaped gastric carrier for multi-week antimalarial delivery and improved adherence. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[140]. Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) Mechanochemical theragrippers for mucosal attachment and extended gastrointestinal drug release. Scale bars: 100 μm. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[141]. Copyright 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science; (D) Biodegradable magnetic shape memory cardiac occluder for patient-specific repair. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[145]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH; (E) Graphene nerve guidance conduit with reprogrammable shape morphing. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[146]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH; (F) Bilayer morphing membrane for conformal scaffolds and enhanced bone formation. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[147]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH; (G) Shape memory tracheal stent with porous antibacterial anti-biofilm surface. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[150]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH; (H) Shape memory hydrogel with programmable recovery for timed stent deployment. Scale bars: 1 cm. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[15]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature; (I) Near-body-temperature–triggered intestinal stent with tunable transition and low-irritation wavy mechanics. Reproduced with permission from Ref.[151]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. DOX: Doxorubicin; MFCS: microfluidic flow control system; SOEA: soybean oil epoxidized acrylate; 4D: four-dimensional; UV: ultraviolet; DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride; NHP: neurofilament heavy polypeptide; TUBB3: anti-tubulin β 3; SMP: shape memory polymer.

Soft Science
ISSN 2769-5441 (Online)
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