fig6

Figure 6. Schematic illustration of nanocellulose-based scaffold design for cartilage tissue engineering. Nanocellulose can be derived from plant sources or microbial synthesis and processed into cellulose nanofibers, which serve as a structural component for bioinks. These scaffolds support the isolation and expansion of chondrocytes or stem cells, facilitating extracellular matrix deposition and cartilage defect healing.