fig6

Figure 6. Apoptosis, cuproptosis and Fe-S protein markers, and intracellular Cu²⁺ of ventricular tissues from experimental mice treated with RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 for 4 weeks. (A) Gel blots displaying Bax, Bcl2, CTR1 (SLC31A1), ATP7B, FDX1, DLAT, ACO2, NDUFS8, and S100A13 using specific antibodies (GAPDH for loading); (B) Bax; (C) Bcl2; (D) CTR1; (E) ATP7B; (F) FDX1; (G) DLAT; (H) ACO2; (I) NDUFS8; (J) S100A13; (K) Intracellular Cu²⁺. Mean ± SEM, n = 6-7 mice per group, normal distribution was determined via the Shapiro-Wilk test, results were assessed via one-way ANOVA and then Tukey’s post hoc test, ^*P < 0.05 between labeled groups. RAGE: Receptor for AGEs; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; CTR1: copper transporter 1; ATP7B: ATPase copper transporting beta; FDX1: ferredoxin 1; ACO2: aconitase 2; NDUFS8: NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8; S100A13: S100 calcium-binding protein A13; SEM: standard error of the mean; ANOVA: analysis of variance.