fig2

Figure 2. Putative mechanisms linking MASLD to cardiovascular disease. This figure was created in Biorender. Shenoy A. (2025) https://biorender.com/hovzrch. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MASH: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; ICAM1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; NF-KB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; PPARs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; SREBPs: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HF: heart failure; MI: myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease.