fig4

Figure 4. The influence of CRP on endothelium damage and CMD. CRP reflects the degree of inflammation, which damages the endothelium through a series of pathways. In CMD, several inflammatory factors change significantly. CRP and hs-CRP play roles in CMD. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, coordinating inflammatory responses, also affects the development of CMD. CMD: Coronary microvascular dysfunction; CRP: C-reactive protein; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; PAI: plasminogen activator inhibitor; WBC: white blood cell; IL-6: interleukin-6; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3.