fig2

Figure 2. Associations of ePWV (per 1 m/s increase) with CKM stages across subgroups, including (A) sex (female, male); (B) age (< 65 years, ≥ 65 years); (C) ethnicity (White, Black, Mexican); and (D) socioeconomic status (SES: poor, medium, good). Models were adjusted for sex (male, female), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican, other Hispanic, other), SES levels (poor, medium, good), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol consumption (never, former, current), physical activity (inactive, active), diet quality (HEI-2010 score, continuous), BMI, HbA1c, TC, HDL-C, eGFR, and self-reported histories of cancer, liver disease, and lung disease (yes, no). ePWV: Estimated pulse wave velocity; CKM: cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic; SES: socioeconomic status; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.