fig5

Figure 5. Subgroup analysis for the joint effects of lifestyle and urinary chemicals mixture on the risks of MAFLD. Weights obtained from WQS models using interaction terms for the respective subgroup variables and pollutants were plugged into subgroup models to achieve comparability of subgroup results with main analysis. Models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, PIR, total calories intake, diabetes and ln-transformed serum cotinine, ALT, ALP, and GGT levels. MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.