fig13

Figure 13. (A) Schematic of the Li⁺ mass transport in a well-designed porous anode. (B) Schematic of the fabrication process of MN-GP-Ge/C. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[228]. Copyright 2021, Wiley. (C) Comparison of Si anode behavior: contact retention and volume buffering in liquid and gel electrolytes. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[229]. Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) SEM images of a highly patterned 3-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Sn-Ni alloy with various patterns. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[230]. Copyright 2011, The Royal Society of Chemistry.