fig3

Figure 3. Biofuel cells. (A) Self-powered enzyme-linked microneedle patch for scar-prevention healing of diabetic wounds^[59]; (B) A membraneless high-power biofuel cell based on 3D reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube micro-arrays^[62]; (C) Protein engineering for design binding peptides^[69]; (D) Mxene-based capacitive enzyme-free biofuel cell self-powered sensor^[74]; (E) 3D printable living hydrogels as portable bio-energy devices for neuron stimulation^[75]. Reproduced with permission from American Association for the Advancement of Science (A), Springer Nature (B), American Chemical Society (C), Elsevier (D) and Wiley (E), respectively.