fig3

Figure 3. (A) Schematic of advantages and challenges of using HSEs in Li-S batteries. In-situ Raman spectra of the Li-S batteries at a 1 C rate: (B) without FL and (C) with FL. These figures are quoted and reproduced from Shen et al.^[41] Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V.; (D) UV-vis spectra and photographs of the Li₂S₈ solution after contact with quaternary ammonium salts T1Br, T2Br, T3Br, T4Br, T8Br, and T3TFSI. This figure is quoted and reproduced from Meng et al.^[42] Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (E) Corresponding dimensionless current-time profiles as well as the curves for theoretical 2D and 3D nucleation model. (F) SEM images of precipitated Li₂S on the CP substrate after PITT discharge process (Scale bar: μm). These figures are quoted and reproduced from Shi et al.^[43] Copyright 2024, Tsinghua University Press; SEM images of the surface and cross-section morphology of lithium metal after 1, 130 cycles in (G) DOL/DME electrolyte and (H) 1 vol% of NMP in DOL/DME electrolyte. These figures are quoted and reproduced from Zhong et al.^[44] Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (I) EPR spectra of UN/O-CNS and O-CNS. (J) CV curves of symmetric cells with Li₂S₆ electrolyte under a scan rate of 5 mV s^-1. These figures are quoted and reproduced from Cui et al.^[45] Copyright 2024, Elsevier Ltd.