fig2

Figure 2. Different modeling procedures of drug-resistant tumor organoids: The blue pathway outlines the modeling process where tumor tissue is collected and used to create xenografts or cell lines, which are finally cultured into organoids for research. The red pathway details the induction of drug resistance. Drug-resistant tumor tissues are derived from patients with primary or secondary drug resistance. Normal cell lines and organoids can be transformed into drug-resistant cell lines and organoids through treatment with drugs or gene editing.