fig1

Figure 1. Overview of the organoid generation process: (A) Different modeling procedures of non-resistant tumor organoids: Tissue samples from xenografts or tumors are collected and digested to isolate single cells. These cells are then filtered and plated in an ECM to culture organoids. Alternatively, organoids can be generated from patient-derived single cancer cells, hESCs, or cell lines;(B) Schematic representation of the non-surgical sampling methods: Organoids can be derived from various body fluids and tissues, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, pleural effusion, ascites, blood, and urine, which are collected from different parts of the human body. ECM: Extracellular matrix.