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Figure 3. Main future directions of ADC. This summary outlines recent advances in targeted conjugate therapies, including optimization of ADC design (dose, specificity, DAR, and resistance mechanisms), integration with immunotherapy and biomarker discovery, and the emergence of PDCs offering improved safety and tumor selectivity. Novel strategies such as CLDN6-targeted ADCs, Ab-PROTACs, and antibody-photodynamic therapies further expand precision oncology’s potential. Created in BioRender. Hao, Y. (2025) https://BioRender.com/8mu5axq. ADC: Antibody-drug conjugate; DAR: drug-to-antibody ratio; PDCs: peptide-drug conjugates; CLDN6: Claudin-6; Ab-PROTACs: antibody-proteolysis-targeting chimera conjugates; ctDNA: circulating tumor DNA; SLC46A3: solute carrier family 46 member A3; RAB5A: Ras-related protein Rab-5A; TOP1: topoisomerase I; PROTAC: proteolysis-targeting chimera.