fig3

Figure 3. Targeting RAS/PI3K signaling in RMS. The RAS/PI3K signaling cascade regulates key cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, myogenic differentiation, and metabolism. Downstream effectors contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance in RMS. Specific inhibitors targeting components of this pathway, which have been investigated in RMS models, are indicated in red. RAS: Rat sarcoma; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RMS: rhabdomyosarcomas; RAF: rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; Erk: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Akt: protein kinase B; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin.