fig3

Figure 3. Mechanisms of ICI resistance mediated by defective antigen recognition. (A) Low immunogenicity of TAAs impairs T cell recognition; (B) β2m mutations induce antigen presentation defects; (C) Intratumoral dysregulated interferon signaling pathway downregulates PD-L1 expression. Created in BioRender. Wang, L. (2025) https://BioRender.com/j7gdp82. ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; TAAs: tumor-associated antigens; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; IFN: interferon-γ; IL-2: interleukin-2; JAK1: janus kinase 1; TYK2: tyrosine kinase 2; STAT1/2: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/2; IRF9: interferon regulatory factor 9.