REFERENCES
1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2024;74:229-63.
2. Britt KL, Cuzick J, Phillips KA. Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 2020;20:417-36.
3. Osborne CK, Knight WA 3rd, Yochmowitz MG, McGuire WL. Modern approaches to the treatment of breast cancer. Blood 1980;56:745-52.
4. Hong J, Lee JH, Zhang Z, et al. PRC2-mediated epigenetic suppression of type I IFN-STAT2 signaling impairs antitumor immunity in luminal breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022;82:4624-40.
5. Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Parra-López C, Patarroyo MA. A review concerning the breast cancer-related tumour microenvironment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024;199:104389.
6. Cao L, Ouyang H. Intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts via exosomes in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2024;14:1374742.
7. DiPersio CM, Van De Water L. Integrin regulation of CAF differentiation and function. Cancers 2019;11:715.
8. Fiori ME, Di Franco S, Villanova L, Bianca P, Stassi G, De Maria R. Cancer-associated fibroblasts as abettors of tumor progression at the crossroads of EMT and therapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2019;18:70.
9. Wu J, Ma Y, Chen Y. Extracellular vesicles and COPD: foe or friend? J Nanobiotechnol 2023;21:147.
10. Hu W, Liu C, Bi ZY, et al. Comprehensive landscape of extracellular vesicle-derived RNAs in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and cancer immunology. Mol Cancer 2020;19:102.
11. Chen S, Zhu X, Huang S. Clinical applications of extracellular vesicle long RNAs. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020;57:508-21.
12. Yáñez-Mó M, Siljander PRM, Andreu Z, et al. Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. J Extracell Vesicles 2015;4:27066.
13. Shah R, Patel T, Freedman JE. Circulating extracellular vesicles in human disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379:958-66.
14. Du Y, Sui Y, Cao J, et al. Dynamic changes in myofibroblasts affect the carcinogenesis and prognosis of bladder cancer associated with tumor microenvironment remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022;10:833578.
15. Meurette O, Mehlen P. Notch signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2018;34:536-48.
16. Zhang Q, Lou Y, Fang H, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts under therapy-induced senescence in the tumor microenvironment (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024;27:150.
17. Omary MB, Lugea A, Lowe AW, Pandol SJ. The pancreatic stellate cell: a star on the rise in pancreatic diseases. J Clin Invest 2007;117:50-9.
18. Barcellos-de-Souza P, Comito G, Pons-Segura C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited and activated into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by prostate cancer microenvironment-derived TGF-β1. Stem Cells 2016;34:2536-47.
19. Iwano M, Plieth D, Danoff TM, Xue C, Okada H, Neilson EG. Evidence that fibroblasts derive from epithelium during tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2002;110:341-50.
20. Zeisberg EM, Potenta S, Xie L, Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. Discovery of endothelial to mesenchymal transition as a source for carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res 2007;67:10123-8.
21. Yang D, Liu J, Qian H, Zhuang Q. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: from basic science to anticancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2023;55:1322-32.
22. Nurmik M, Ullmann P, Rodriguez F, Haan S, Letellier E. In search of definitions: cancer-associated fibroblasts and their markers. Int J Cancer 2020;146:895-905.
23. Guo T, Xu J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: a versatile mediator in tumor progression, metastasis, and targeted therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024;43:1095-116.
24. Kennel KB, Bozlar M, De Valk AF, Greten FR. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in inflammation and antitumor immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2023;29:1009-16.
25. Öhlund D, Handly-Santana A, Biffi G, et al. Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med 2017;214:579-96.
26. Menezes S, Okail MH, Jalil SMA, Kocher HM, Cameron AJM. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer: new subtypes, new markers, new targets. J Pathol 2022;257:526-44.
27. Houthuijzen JM, de Bruijn R, van der Burg E, et al. CD26-negative and CD26-positive tissue-resident fibroblasts contribute to functionally distinct CAF subpopulations in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023;14:183.
28. Elyada E, Bolisetty M, Laise P, et al. Cross-species single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Discov 2019;9:1102-23.
29. Bartoschek M, Oskolkov N, Bocci M, et al. Spatially and functionally distinct subclasses of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts revealed by single cell RNA sequencing. Nat Commun 2018;9:5150.
30. van der Pol E, Böing AN, Harrison P, Sturk A, Nieuwland R. Classification, functions, and clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles. Pharmacol Rev 2012;64:676-705.
31. Marar C, Starich B, Wirtz D. Extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation and tumor progression. Nat Immunol 2021;22:560-70.
32. Puhm F, Afonyushkin T, Resch U, et al. Mitochondria are a subset of extracellular vesicles released by activated monocytes and induce type I IFN and TNF responses in endothelial cells. Circ Res 2019;125:43-52.
33. Xu R, Rai A, Chen M, Suwakulsiri W, Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Extracellular vesicles in cancer - implications for future improvements in cancer care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018;15:617-38.
34. Colombo M, Raposo G, Théry C. Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2014;30:255-89.
35. Cheng L, Hill AF. Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022;21:379-99.
36. Zhang F, Jiang J, Qian H, Yan Y, Xu W. Exosomal circRNA: emerging insights into cancer progression and clinical application potential. J Hematol Oncol 2023;16:67.
38. Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science 2020;367:eaau6977.
39. Syn N, Wang L, Sethi G, Thiery JP, Goh BC. Exosome-mediated metastasis: from epithelial-mesenchymal transition to escape from immunosurveillance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016;37:606-17.
40. Baietti MF, Zhang Z, Mortier E, et al. Syndecan-syntenin-ALIX regulates the biogenesis of exosomes. Nat Cell Biol 2012;14:677-85.
41. Lakkaraju A, Rodriguez-Boulan E. Itinerant exosomes: emerging roles in cell and tissue polarity. Trends Cell Biol 2008;18:199-209.
42. Krylova SV, Feng D. The machinery of exosomes: biogenesis, release, and uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:1337.
43. Pan M, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Shang L. Exosome-loaded microcarriers for intraocular drug delivery. Sci Bull 2024;69:434-6.
44. Tang W, Xia M, Liao Y, Fang Y, Wen G, Zhong J. Exosomes in triple negative breast cancer: from bench to bedside. Cancer Lett 2022;527:1-9.
45. Li Y, Wang Z, Yang J, et al. CircTRIM1 encodes TRIM1-269aa to promote chemoresistance and metastasis of TNBC via enhancing CaM-dependent MARCKS translocation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Mol Cancer 2024;23:102.
46. Bian X, Xiao YT, Wu T, et al. Microvesicles and chemokines in tumor microenvironment: mediators of intercellular communications in tumor progression. Mol Cancer 2019;18:50.
47. Quesenberry PJ, Aliotta JM. Cellular phenotype switching and microvesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010;62:1141-8.
48. Nieri D, Neri T, Petrini S, Vagaggini B, Paggiaro P, Celi A. Cell-derived microparticles and the lung. Eur Respir Rev 2016;25:266-77.
49. Stępień EŁ, Durak-Kozica M, Kamińska A, et al. Circulating ectosomes: determination of angiogenic microRNAs in type 2 diabetes. Theranostics 2018;8:3874-90.
50. Wang Y, Chen LM, Liu ML. Microvesicles and diabetic complications-novel mediators, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014;35:433-43.
51. Li C, Qiu S, Jin K, et al. Tumor-derived microparticles promote the progression of triple-negative breast cancer via PD-L1-associated immune suppression. Cancer Lett 2021;523:43-56.
52. Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Mytar B, Szatanek R, et al. Colorectal cancer-derived microvesicles modulate differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. J Transl Med 2016;14:36.
53. Majno G, Joris I. Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Am J Pathol 1995;146:3-15.
54. Li C, Wang X, Chen T, et al. Huaier induces immunogenic cell death via CircCLASP1/PKR/eIF2α Signaling pathway in triple negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022;10:913824.
55. Wen J, Creaven D, Luan X, Wang J. Comparison of immunotherapy mediated by apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes: apoptotic bodies’ unique anti-inflammatory potential. J Transl Med 2023;21:478.
56. van Dommelen SM, Vader P, Lakhal S, et al. Microvesicles and exosomes: opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug delivery. J Control Release 2012;161:635-44.
57. Yin Q, Zhang J, Zhang H, et al. Cascade nanoreactor employs mitochondrial-directed chemodynamic and δ-ALA-mediated photodynamic synergy for deep-seated oral cancer therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024;13:e2304639.
58. Yang K, Ren D, Wang Z, et al. Apoptotic bodies encapsulating Ti2N nanosheets for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. Nanotechnology 2024;35:365703.
59. Eguchi T, Sheta M, Fujii M, Calderwood SK. Cancer extracellular vesicles, tumoroid models, and tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022;86:112-26.
60. Hill BS, Sarnella A, D’Avino G, Zannetti A. Recruitment of stromal cells into tumour microenvironment promote the metastatic spread of breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020;60:202-13.
61. Liu Y, Gu Y, Han Y, et al. Tumor exosomal RNAs promote lung pre-metastatic niche formation by activating alveolar epithelial TLR3 to recruit neutrophils. Cancer Cell 2016;30:243-56.
62. Baxevanis CN, Fortis SP, Perez SA. The balance between breast cancer and the immune system: challenges for prognosis and clinical benefit from immunotherapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2021;72:76-89.
63. Wang X, Huang J, Chen W, Li G, Li Z, Lei J. The updated role of exosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022;54:1390-400.
64. Li Y, Liang Y, Sang Y, et al. MiR-770 suppresses the chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via direct targeting of STMN1. Cell Death Dis 2018;9:14.
65. Papi A, De Carolis S, Bertoni S, et al. PPARγ and RXR ligands disrupt the inflammatory cross-talk in the hypoxic breast cancer stem cells niche. J Cell Physiol 2014;229:1595-606.
66. Jung WH, Yam N, Chen CC, Elawad K, Hu B, Chen Y. Force-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling by early-stage cancer cells alters diffusion and induces carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2020;234:119756.
67. Song YH, Warncke C, Choi SJ, et al. Breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles stimulate myofibroblast differentiation and pro-angiogenic behavior of adipose stem cells. Matrix Biol 2017;60-1:190-205.
68. González-Callejo P, Gener P, Díaz-Riascos ZV, et al. Extracellular vesicles secreted by triple-negative breast cancer stem cells trigger premetastatic niche remodeling and metastatic growth in the lungs. Int J Cancer 2023;152:2153-65.
69. Eckert RL, Kaartinen MT, Nurminskaya M, et al. Transglutaminase regulation of cell function. Physiol Rev 2014;94:383-417.
70. Antonyak MA, Li B, Boroughs LK, et al. Cancer cell-derived microvesicles induce transformation by transferring tissue transglutaminase and fibronectin to recipient cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108:4852-7.
71. Schwager SC, Young KM, Hapach LA, et al. Weakly migratory metastatic breast cancer cells activate fibroblasts via microvesicle-Tg2 to facilitate dissemination and metastasis. Elife 2022;11:e74433.
72. Martínez-García D, Manero-Rupérez N, Quesada R, Korrodi-Gregório L, Soto-Cerrato V. Therapeutic strategies involving survivin inhibition in cancer. Med Res Rev 2019;39:887-909.
74. Li K, Liu T, Chen J, Ni H, Li W. Survivin in breast cancer-derived exosomes activates fibroblasts by up-regulating SOD1, whose feedback promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2020;295:13737-52.
75. D’Souza W, Kumar A. microRNAs in oral cancer: moving from bench to bed as next generation medicine. Oral Oncol 2020;111:104916.
76. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell 1993;75:843-54.
77. Pritchard CC, Cheng HH, Tewari M. MicroRNA profiling: approaches and considerations. Nat Rev Genet 2012;13:358-69.
78. Hamam R, Hamam D, Alsaleh KA, et al. Circulating microRNAs in breast cancer: novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Cell Death Dis 2017;8:e3045.
80. Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet 2010;11:597-610.
81. Nishihara T, Zekri L, Braun JE, Izaurralde E. miRISC recruits decapping factors to miRNA targets to enhance their degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013;41:8692-705.
82. Thomson DW, Bracken CP, Goodall GJ. Experimental strategies for microRNA target identification. Nucleic Acids Res 2011;39:6845-53.
83. Ren Z, Lv M, Yu Q, Bao J, Lou K, Li X. MicroRNA-370-3p shuttled by breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles induces fibroblast activation through the CYLD/Nf-κB axis to promote breast cancer progression. FASEB J 2021;35:e21383.
84. Baroni S, Romero-Cordoba S, Plantamura I, et al. Exosome-mediated delivery of miR-9 induces cancer-associated fibroblast-like properties in human breast fibroblasts. Cell Death Dis 2016;7:e2312.
85. Ahn S, Kwon A, Huh YH, Rhee S, Song WK. Tumor-derived miR-130b-3p induces cancer-associated fibroblast activation by targeting SPIN90 in luminal A breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2022;11:47.
86. Yang SS, Ma S, Dou H, et al. Breast cancer-derived exosomes regulate cell invasion and metastasis in breast cancer via miR-146a to activate cancer associated fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment. Exp Cell Res 2020;391:111983.
87. Vu LT, Peng B, Zhang DX, et al. Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles promote the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts via the transfer of microRNA-125b. J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8:1599680.
88. Fong MY, Yan W, Ghassemian M, et al. Cancer-secreted miRNAs regulate amino-acid-induced mTORC1 signaling and fibroblast protein synthesis. EMBO Rep 2021;22:e51239.
89. Yan W, Wu X, Zhou W, et al. Cancer-cell-secreted exosomal miR-105 promotes tumour growth through the MYC-dependent metabolic reprogramming of stromal cells. Nat Cell Biol 2018;20:597-609.
90. Scognamiglio I, Cocca L, Puoti I, et al. Exosomal microRNAs synergistically trigger stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022;28:17-31.
91. Tang S, Yang L, Tang X, Liu M. The role of oxidized ATM in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced energy metabolism reprogramming of CAFs. Cancer Lett 2014;353:133-44.
92. Sung JS, Kang CW, Kang S, et al. ITGB4-mediated metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2020;39:664-76.
93. Fong MY, Zhou W, Liu L, et al. Breast-cancer-secreted miR-122 reprograms glucose metabolism in premetastatic niche to promote metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2015;17:183-94.
94. Mátyási B, Petővári G, Dankó T, et al. Extracellular vesicle-mediated metastasis suppressors NME1 and NME2 modify lipid metabolism in fibroblasts. Cancers 2022;14:3913.
95. Piersma B, Hayward MK, Weaver VM. Fibrosis and cancer: a strained relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020;1873:188356.
96. Zhang Y, Fang Z, Pan D, et al. Dendritic polymer-based nanomedicines remodel the tumor stroma: improve drug penetration and enhance antitumor immune response. Adv Mater 2024;36:e2401304.
97. Luga V, Zhang L, Viloria-Petit AM, et al. Exosomes mediate stromal mobilization of autocrine Wnt-PCP signaling in breast cancer cell migration. Cell 2012;151:1542-56.
98. Chen Y, Zeng C, Zhan Y, Wang H, Jiang X, Li W. Aberrant low expression of p85α in stromal fibroblasts promotes breast cancer cell metastasis through exosome-mediated paracrine Wnt10b. Oncogene 2017;36:4692-705.
99. Xi L, Peng M, Liu S, et al. Hypoxia-stimulated ATM activation regulates autophagy-associated exosome release from cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote cancer cell invasion. J Extracell Vesicles 2021;10:e12146.
100. Shimoda M, Principe S, Jackson HW, et al. Loss of the timp gene family is sufficient for the acquisition of the CAF-like cell state. Nat Cell Biol 2014;16:889-901.
101. Kim JE, Kim BG, Jang Y, Kang S, Lee JH, Cho NH. The stromal loss of miR-4516 promotes the FOSL1-dependent proliferation and malignancy of triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2020;469:256-65.
102. Orso F, Virga F, Dettori D, et al. Stroma-derived miR-214 coordinates tumor dissemination. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023;42:20.
103. Wang H, Wei H, Wang J, Li L, Chen A, Li Z. MicroRNA-181d-5p-containing exosomes derived from CAFs promote EMT by regulating CDX2/HOXA5 in breast cancer. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020;19:654-67.
104. Tao S, Li H, Ma X, et al. Elevating microRNA-1-3p shuttled by cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses breast cancer progression and metastasis by inhibiting GLIS1. Cancer Gene Ther 2021;28:634-48.
105. Wu HJ, Hao M, Yeo SK, Guan JL. FAK signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes breast cancer cell migration and metastasis by exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication. Oncogene 2020;39:2539-49.
106. Chen B, Sang Y, Song X, et al. Exosomal miR-500a-5p derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through targeting USP28. Theranostics 2021;11:3932-47.
107. Liu Y, Yang Y, Du J, Lin D, Li F. MiR-3613-3p from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts exosomes promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating SOCS2 expression. IUBMB Life 2020;72:1705-14.
108. Dou D, Ren X, Han M, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived exosomes suppress immune cell function in breast cancer via the miR-92/PD-L1 pathway. Front Immunol 2020;11:2026.
109. Sheng Z, Wang X, Ding X, et al. Exosomal miRNA-92a derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis in breast cancer by regulating G3BP2. Cell Signal 2024;119:111182.
110. Zhou WY, Cai ZR, Liu J, Wang DS, Ju HQ, Xu RH. Circular RNA: metabolism, functions and interactions with proteins. Mol Cancer 2020;19:172.
111. Chen T, Wang X, Li C, et al. CircHIF1A regulated by FUS accelerates triple-negative breast cancer progression by modulating NFIB expression and translocation. Oncogene 2021;40:2756-71.
112. Wang X, Chen T, Li C, et al. CircRNA-CREIT inhibits stress granule assembly and overcomes doxorubicin resistance in TNBC by destabilizing PKR. J Hematol Oncol 2022;15:122.
113. Ye F, Liang Y, Wang Y, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate breast cancer progression through exosomal circTBPL1-mediated intercellular communication. Cell Death Dis 2023;14:471.
114. Hauser S, Bacher G, Dobberstein B, Lütcke H. A complex of the signal sequence binding protein and the SRP RNA promotes translocation of nascent proteins. EMBO J 1995;14:5485-93.
115. Grotwinkel JT, Wild K, Segnitz B, Sinning I. SRP RNA remodeling by SRP68 explains its role in protein translocation. Science 2014;344:101-4.
116. Nabet BY, Qiu Y, Shabason JE, et al. Exosome RNA unshielding couples stromal activation to pattern recognition receptor signaling in cancer. Cell 2017;170:352-66.e13.
117. Young CD, Anderson SM. Sugar and fat - that’s where it’s at: metabolic changes in tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10:202.
118. You M, Xie Z, Zhang N, et al. Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023;8:196.
119. Kansara S, Singh A, Badal AK, et al. The emerging regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs associated with glucose metabolism in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023;95:1-12.
120. Dias AS, Almeida CR, Helguero LA, Duarte IF. Metabolic crosstalk in the breast cancer microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2019;121:154-71.
121. Liu Y, Hua F, Zhan Y, et al. Carcinoma associated fibroblasts small extracellular vesicles with low miR-7641 promotes breast cancer stemness and glycolysis by HIF-1α. Cell Death Discov 2021;7:176.
122. Thomson DW, Dinger ME. Endogenous microRNA sponges: evidence and controversy. Nat Rev Genet 2016;17:272-83.
123. Li Y, Zhao Z, Liu W, Li X. SNHG3 functions as miRNA sponge to promote breast cancer cells growth through the metabolic reprogramming. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020;191:1084-99.
124. Mecca M, Sichetti M, Giuseffi M, et al. Synergic role of dietary bioactive compounds in breast cancer chemoprevention and combination therapies. Nutrients 2024;16:1883.
125. Sun WL, Chen J, Wang YP, Zheng H. Autophagy protects breast cancer cells from epirubicin-induced apoptosis and facilitates epirubicin-resistance development. Autophagy 2011;7:1035-44.
126. Qiu Y, Wang X, Sun Y, et al. TCF12 regulates exosome release from epirubicin-treated CAFs to promote ER+ breast cancer cell chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023;1869:166727.
127. Chowdhury P, Nagesh PKB, Hatami E, et al. Tannic acid-inspired paclitaxel nanoparticles for enhanced anticancer effects in breast cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019;535:133-48.
128. Tao S, Wang J, Li F, et al. Extracellular vesicles released by hypoxia-induced tumor-associated fibroblasts impart chemoresistance to breast cancer cells via long noncoding RNA H19 delivery. FASEB J 2024;38:e23165.
130. Clark GC, Hampton JD, Koblinski JE, et al. Radiation induces ESCRT pathway dependent CD44v3+ extracellular vesicle production stimulating pro-tumor fibroblast activity in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022;12:913656.
131. Zelnak AB, O’Regan RM. Optimizing endocrine therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015;13:e56-64.
132. Shah SH, Miller P, Garcia-Contreras M, et al. Hierarchical paracrine interaction of breast cancer associated fibroblasts with cancer cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative breast cancer phenotype. Cancer Biol Ther 2015;16:1671-81.
133. Sansone P, Berishaj M, Rajasekhar VK, et al. Evolution of cancer stem-like cells in endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancers is mediated by stromal microvesicles. Cancer Res 2017;77:1927-41.
134. Gao Y, Li X, Zeng C, et al. CD63+ cancer-associated fibroblasts confer tamoxifen resistance to breast cancer cells through exosomal miR-22. Adv Sci 2020;7:2002518.
135. Sansone P, Savini C, Kurelac I, et al. Packaging and transfer of mitochondrial DNA via exosomes regulate escape from dormancy in hormonal therapy-resistant breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2017;114:E9066-75.
136. Chapman NM, Chi H. Metabolic adaptation of lymphocytes in immunity and disease. Immunity 2022;55:14-30.
137. Lin Z, Hua G, Hu X. Lipid metabolism associated crosstalk: the bidirectional interaction between cancer cells and immune/stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment for prognostic insight. Cancer Cell Int 2024;24:295.
138. Lundholm M, Schröder M, Nagaeva O, et al. Prostate tumor-derived exosomes down-regulate NKG2D expression on natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells: mechanism of immune evasion. PLoS One 2014;9:e108925.
139. Wang Y, Goliwas KF, Severino PE, et al. Mechanical strain induces phenotypic changes in breast cancer cells and promotes immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Lab Invest 2020;100:1503-16.
140. Xie F, Zhou X, Su P, et al. Breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote CD8+ T cell exhaustion via TGF-β type II receptor signaling. Nat Commun 2022;13:4461.
141. Cao J, Lv G, Wei F. Engineering exosomes to reshape the immune microenvironment in breast cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Transl Med 2024;14:e1645.
142. Yao H, Huang C, Zou J, et al. Extracellular vesicle-packaged lncRNA from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes immune evasion by downregulating HLA-A in pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024;13:e12484.
143. Shang H, Lu L, Fan M, Lu Y, Shi X, Lu H. Exosomal circHIF1A derived from hypoxic-induced carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell malignant phenotypes and immune escape. Int Immunopharmacol 2024;138:112282.
144. Liao D, Luo Y, Markowitz D, Xiang R, Reisfeld RA. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model. PLoS One 2009;4:e7965.
145. Costa A, Kieffer Y, Scholer-Dahirel A, et al. Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2018;33:463-79.e10.
146. Shen L, Huang H, Wei Z, et al. Integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional analysis to characterize the tissue-specific small extracellular vesicle network of breast cancer. MedComm 2023;4:e433.
147. Yan Q, Deng Y, Zhang Q. A comprehensive overview of metaplastic breast cancer: features and treatments. Cancer Sci 2024;115:2506-14.
148. Chen X, Song E. Turning foes to friends: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019;18:99-115.
149. Li W, Wang X, Li C, Chen T, Yang Q. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: emerging roles in bilateral communication between cancer cells and macrophages. Mol Ther 2022;30:1036-53.
150. Calon A, Tauriello DV, Batlle E. TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014;25:15-22.
151. Turner N, Grose R. Fibroblast growth factor signalling: from development to cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2010;10:116-29.
152. Suh J, Kim DH, Kim SJ, et al. Nuclear localization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in breast cancer cells interacting with cancer associated fibroblasts. J Cancer Prev 2022;27:68-76.
153. Tomlinson DC, Knowles MA, Speirs V. Mechanisms of FGFR3 actions in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2012;130:2857-66.
154. Liu C, Wang Y, Li L, et al. Engineered extracellular vesicles and their mimetics for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022;349:679-98.
155. Wu K, Xing F, Wu SY, Watabe K. Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: recent development from bench to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017;1868:538-63.
156. Bister N, Pistono C, Huremagic B, Jolkkonen J, Giugno R, Malm T. Hypoxia and extracellular vesicles: a review on methods, vesicular cargo and functions. J Extracell Vesicles 2020;10:e12002.
157. Wu F, Yang J, Liu J, et al. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021;6:218.
158. Wong VW, Rustad KC, Akaishi S, et al. Focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to skin fibrosis via inflammatory signaling. Nat Med 2011;18:148-52.
160. Quail DF, Joyce JA. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Med 2013;19:1423-37.
161. Zhang DX, Dang XTT, Vu LT, et al. αvβ1 integrin is enriched in extracellular vesicles of metastatic breast cancer cells: A mechanism mediated by galectin-3. J Extracell Vesicles 2022;11:e12234.
162. Xu Z, Zeng S, Gong Z, Yan Y. Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2020;19:160.
163. Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. What we know on the potential use of exosomes for nanodelivery. Semin Cancer Biol 2022;86:13-25.
164. Zhang M, Hu S, Liu L, et al. Engineered exosomes from different sources for cancer-targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023;8:124.