REFERENCES
3. Valastyan S, Weinberg RA. Tumor metastasis: molecular insights and evolving paradigms. Cell 2011;147:275-92.
4. Wang Y, Zhou BP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition---a hallmark of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Hallm 2013;1:38-49.
5. Li X, Pei D, Zheng H. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states during cell fate conversions. Protein Cell 2014;5:580-91.
6. Unger-Saldaña K. Challenges to the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in developing countries. World J Clin Oncol 2014;5:465-77.
7. Sun L, Fang J. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016;73:4493-515.
8. Hübner MR, Spector DL. Role of H3K27 demethylases Jmjd3 and UTX in transcriptional regulation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2010;75:43-9.
9. Ramadoss S, Chen X, Wang CY. Histone demethylase KDM6B promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2012;287:44508-17.
10. Enkhbaatar Z, Terashima M, Oktyabri D, Tange S, Ishimura A, et al. KDM5B histone demethylase controls epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells by regulating the expression of the microRNA-200 family. Cell Cycle 2013;12:2100-12.
11. Jiang GM, Wang HS, Zhang F, Zhang KS, Liu ZC, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions via up-regulation of Snail facilitates cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013;1833:663-71.
12. Ambrosio S, Saccà CD, Majello B. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition by the Lysine-specific demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2017;1860:905-10.
13. Ambrosio S, Amente S, Saccà CD, Capasso M, Calogero RA, et al. LSD1 mediates MYCN control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through silencing of metastatic suppressor NDRG1 gene. Oncotarget 2017;8:3854-69.
14. Choi HJ, Park JH, Park M, Won HY, Joo HS, et al. UTX inhibits EMT-induced breast CSC properties by epigenetic repression of EMT genes in cooperation with LSD1 and HDAC1. EMBO Rep 2015;16:1288-98.
15. Lin T, Ponn A, Hu X, Law BK, Lu J. Requirement of the histone demethylase LSD1 in Snai1-mediated transcriptional repression during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2010;29:4896-904.
16. Amente S, Lania L, Majello B. The histone LSD1 demethylase in stemness and cancer transcription programs. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013;1829:981-6.
17. Nagasawa S, Sedukhina AS, Nakagawa Y, Maeda I, Kubota M, et al. LSD1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in basal-like breast cancer, and sensitivity to PARP inhibition. PLoS One 2015;10:e0118002.
18. Lim S, Janzer A, Becker A, Zimmer A, Schüle R, et al. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in ER-negative breast cancers and a biomarker predicting aggressive biology. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:512-20.
19. Schulte JH, Lim S, Schramm A, Friedrichs N, Koster J, et al. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 is strongly expressed in poorly differentiated neuroblastoma: implications for therapy. Cancer Res 2009;69:2065-71.
20. Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Sun Y, Yang F, et al. LSD1 is a subunit of the NuRD complex and targets the metastasis programs in breast cancer. Cell 2009;138:660-72.
21. Luo H, Shenoy AK, Li X, Jin Y, Jin L, et al. MOF acetylates the histone demethylase LSD1 to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Rep 2016;15:2665-78.
22. Boulding T, McCuaig RD, Tan A, Hardy K, Wu F, et al. LSD1 activation promotes inducible EMT programs and modulates the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018;8:73.
23. Shi Y, Lan F, Matson C, Mulligan P, Whetstine JR, et al. Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1. Cell 2004;119:941-53.
24. Forneris F, Binda C, Vanoni MA, Mattevi A, Battaglioli E. Histone demethylation catalysed by LSD1 is a flavin-dependent oxidative process. FEBS Lett 2005;579:2203-7.
25. Forneris F, Binda C, Battaglioli E, Mattevi A. LSD1: oxidative chemistry for multifaceted functions in chromatin regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2008;33:181-9.
26. Lan F, Nottke AC, Shi Y. Mechanisms involved in the regulation of histone lysine demethylases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008;20:316-25.
27. Forneris F, Binda C, Vanoni MA, Battaglioli E, Mattevi A. Human histone demethylase LSD1 reads the histone code. J Biol Chem 2005;280:41360-5.
28. Huang J, Sengupta R, Espejo AB, Lee MG, Dorsey JA, et al. p53 is regulated by the lysine demethylase LSD1. Nature 2007;449:105-8.
29. Wang J, Hevi S, Kurash JK, Lei H, Gay F, et al. The lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1) is required for maintenance of global DNA methylation. Nat Genet 2009;41:125-9.
30. Kontaki H, Talianidis I. Lysine methylation regulates E2F1-induced cell death. Mol Cell 2010;39:152-60.
31. Cho H-S, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Hayami S, Unoki M, et al. Demethylation of RB regulator MYPT1 by histone demethylase LSD1 promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2011;71:655-60.
32. Yang J, Huang J, Dasgupta M, Sears N, Miyagi M, et al. Reversible methylation of promoter-bound STAT3 by histone-modifying enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:21499-504.
33. Kim Y, Nam HJ, Lee J, Park DY, Kim C, et al. Methylation-dependent regulation of HIF-1α stability restricts retinal and tumour angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2016;7:10347.
34. Ferrari-Amorotti G, Chiodoni C, Shen F, Cattelani S, Soliera AR, et al. Suppression of invasion and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer lines by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of slug activity. Neoplasia 2014;16:1047-58.
35. McDonald OG, Wu H, Timp W, Doi A, Feinberg AP. Genome-scale epigenetic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011;18:867-74.
36. Stemmler MP, Eccles RL, Brabletz S, Brabletz T. Non-redundant functions of EMT transcription factors. Nat Cell Biol 2019;21:102.
37. Serrano-Gomez SJ, Maziveyi M, Alahari SK. Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through epigenetic and post-translational modifications. Mol Cancer 2016;15:18.
38. Carnesecchi J, Cerutti C, Vanacker JM, Forcet C. ERRα protein is stabilized by LSD1 in a demethylation-independent manner. PLoS One 2017;12:e0188871.
39. Carnesecchi J, Forcet C, Zhang L, Tribollet V, Barenton B, et al. ERRα induces H3K9 demethylation by LSD1 to promote cell invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017;114:3909-14.
40. Han X, Gui B, Xiong C, Zhao L, Liang J, et al. Destabilizing LSD1 by Jade-2 promotes neurogenesis: an antibraking system in neural development. Mol Cell 2014;55:482-94.
41. Peng B, Shi R, Jiang W, Ding YH, Dong MQ, et al. Phosphorylation of LSD1 by PLK1 promotes its chromatin release during mitosis. Cell Biosci 2017;7:15.
42. Feng J, Xu G, Liu J, Zhang N, Li L, et al. Phosphorylation of LSD1 at Ser112 is crucial for its function in induction of EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016;159:443-56.
43. Scoumanne A, Chen X. The lysine-specific demethylase 1 is required for cell proliferation in both p53-dependent and -independent manners. J Biol Chem 2007;282:15471-5.
44. Liu X, Chen Z, Xu C, Leng X, Cao H, et al. Repression of hypoxia-inducible factor α signaling by Set7-mediated methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015;43:5081-98.
45. Semenza GL, Agani F, Booth G, Forsythe J, Iyer N, et al. Structural and functional analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Kidney Int 1997;51:553-5.
46. Bao B, Azmi AS, Ali S, Ahmad A, Li Y, et al. The biological kinship of hypoxia with CSC and EMT and their relationship with deregulated expression of miRNAs and tumor aggressiveness. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1826:272-96.
47. Hugo HJ, Pereira L, Suryadinata R, Drabsch Y, Gonda TJ, et al. Direct repression of MYB by ZEB1 suppresses proliferation and epithelial gene expression during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2013;15:R113.
48. Krishnamachary B, Zagzag D, Nagasawa H, Rainey K, Okuyama H, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent repression of E-cadherin in von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-null renal cell carcinoma mediated by TCF3, ZFHX1A, and ZFHX1B. Cancer Res 2006;66:2725-31.
49. Moreno-Bueno G, Portillo F, Cano A. Transcriptional regulation of cell polarity in EMT and cancer. Oncogene 2008;27:6958-69.
50. Lee JY, Park JH, Choi HJ, Won HY, Joo HS, et al. LSD1 demethylates HIF1α to inhibit hydroxylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation in tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2017;36:5512-21.
51. Yang SJ, Park YS, Cho JH, Moon B, An HJ, et al. Regulation of hypoxia responses by flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent modulation of HIF-1α protein stability. EMBO J 2017;36:1011-28.
52. Vasilatos SN, Katz TA, Oesterreich S, Wan Y, Davidson NE, et al. Crosstalk between lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylases mediates antineoplastic efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2013;34:1196-207.
53. Cao C, Wu H, Vasilatos SN, Chandran U, Qin Y, et al. HDAC5-LSD1 axis regulates antineoplastic effect of natural HDAC inhibitor sulforaphane in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2018;143:1388-401.
54. Cao C, Vasilatos SN, Bhargava R, Fine JL, Oesterreich S, et al. Functional interaction of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) promotes breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2017;36:133-45.
55. Yang Y, Huang W, Qiu R, Liu R, Zeng Y, et al. LSD1 coordinates with the SIN3A/HDAC complex and maintains sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2018;10:285-301.
56. Ellis LM, Hicklin DJ. Resistance to targeted therapies: refining anticancer therapy in the Era of molecular oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:7471-8.
57. Sheng W, LaFleur MW, Nguyen TH, Chen S, Chakravarthy A, et al. LSD1 ablation stimulates anti-tumor immunity and enables checkpoint blockade. Cell 2018;174:549-63.e19.