REFERENCES
1. Forouzanfar MH, Foreman KJ, Delossantos AM, Lozano R, Lopez AD, et al. Breast and cervical cancer in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2011;378:1461-84.
2. Fondrinier E, Guérin O, Lorimier G. A comparative study of metastatic patterns of ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast from two matched series (376 patients). Bull Cancer 1997;84:1101-7.
3. Taal BG, den Hartog Jager FC, Steinmetz R, Peterse H. The spectrum of gastrointestinal metastases of breast carcinoma: I. stomach. Gastrointest Endosc 1992;38:130-5.
4. Taal BG, Peterse H, Boot H. Clinical presentation, endoscopic features, and treatment of gastric metastases from breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000;89:2214-21.
5. Schwarz RE, Klimstra DS, Turnbull AD. Metastatic breast cancer masquerading as gastrointestinal primary. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:111-4.
6. Cormier WJ, Gaffey TA, Welch JM, Welch JS, Edmonson JH. Linitis plastica caused by metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Mayo Clin Proc 1980;55:747-53.
7. Pectasides D, Psyrri A, Pliarchopoulou K, Floros T, Papaxoinis G, et al. Gastric metastases originating from breast cancer: report of 8 cases and review of the literature. Anticancer Res 2009;29:4759-63.
8. Ayantunde AA, Agrawal A, Parsons SL, Welch NT. Esophagogastric cancers secondary to a breast primary tumor do not require resection. World J Surg 2007;31:1597-601.
9. Villa Guzmán JC, Espinosa J, Cervera R, Delgado M, Patón R, et al. Gastric and colon metastasis from breast cancer: case report, review of the literature, and possible underlying mechanisms. Breast cancer: target and therapy 2017;9:1-7.
10. Reiman T, Butts CA. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a metastatic manifestation of breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Can J Gastroenterol 2001;15:67-71.
11. Critchley AC, Harvey J, Carr M, Iwuchukwu O. Synchronous gastric and colonic metastases of invasive lobular breast carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011;93:e49-50.
13. Namikawa T, Hanazaki K. Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of metastatic tumors in the stomach. Surg Today 2014;44:1392-9.
14. Barranco R, Orcioni GF, Ventura F. A fatal gastric perforation secondary to ulcerated metastasis in undiagnosed breast cancer: pathological aspects and review of literature. Malays J Pathol 2017;39:181-7.
15. Jones GE, Strauss DC, Forshaw MJ, Deere H, Mahedeva U, et al. Breast cancer metastasis to the stomach may mimic primary gastric cancer: report of two cases and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2007;5:75.
16. Aurello P, D'Angelo F, Cosenza G, Petrocca S, Stoppacciaro A, et al. Gastric metastasis 14 years after mastectomy for breast lobular carcinoma: case report and literature review. Am Surg 2006;72:456-60.
17. Ellis MC, Mason T, Barnett J, Kiesow LL, Vetto JT. Gastric malignancies in breast cancer survivors: pathology and outcomes. Am J Surg 2009;197:633-6.
18. Kayılıoğlu SI, Akyol C, Esen E, Cansız-Ersöz C, Kocaay AF, et al. Gastric metastasis of ectopic breast cancer mimicking axillary metastasis of primary gastric cancer. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2014;2014:232165.
19. Ulmer LL, Cormier I, Jha LK, Singh S, Fisher KW, et al. Use of Endoscopic Ultrasound in a Diagnostic Dilemma: Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Stomach. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2018;15:2018:2820352.
20. El-Hage A, Ruel C, Afif W, Wissanji H, Hogue JC, et al. Metastatic pattern of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast-emphasis on gastric metastases. J Surg Oncol 2016;114:543-7.
21. Libânio D, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pimentel-Nunes P. Gastric metastasis of breast cancer after 20 years. GE Port J Gastroenterol 2018;25:99-101.
22. Kim DH, Son SM, Choi YJ. Gastric metastasis from invasive lobular breast cancer, mimicking primary gastric cancer: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e0258.
23. Woo J, Lee JH, Lee KE, Sung SH, Lim W. Gastric metastasis as the first presentation one year before diagnosis of primary breast cancer. Am J Case Rep 2018;26:354-9.
24. Horimoto Y, Hirashima T, Arakawa A, Miura H, Saito M. Metastatic colonic and gastric polyps from breast cancer resembling hyperplastic polyps. Surg Case Rep 2018;23:23.
25. Kliiger J, Gorbaty M. Metastasis to the pancreas and stomach from a breast cancer primary: a case report. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2017;19:234-7.
26. Rodrigues MV, Tercioti-Junior V, Lopes LR, Coelho-Neto Jde S, Andreollo NA. Breast cancer metastasis in the stomach: when the gastrectomy is indicated ? Arq Bras Cir Dig 2016;29:86-9. (in English, Portuguese)
27. Gurzu S, Banias L, Bara T, Feher I, Bara T, Jung I. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in two cases with gastric metastasis originating from breast carcinoma, one with a metachronous primary gastric cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2018;13:118-24.
28. Arslan NÇ, Atıla K, Bora S, Ünlü M. Gastric metastasis of breast cancer mimicking primary gastric cancer: a case report. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012;23:808-9.
29. Buka D, Dvořák J, Richter I, Hadzi ND, Cyrany J. Gastric and colorectal metastases of lobular breast carcinoma: a case report. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2016;59:18-21.
30. Ulanja MB, Taha M, Al-Mashhadani A, Beutler BD, Al-Tekreeti M, et al. Gastrointestinal bleed from erosive gastritis and duodenitis: a sentinel event of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast and a diagnostic dilemma. Cureus 2018;10:e2757.
31. Zhang B, Copur-Dahi N, Kalmaz D, Boland BS. Gastrointestinal manifestations of breast cancer metastasis. Dig Dis Sci 2014;59:2344-6.
32. Eren OO, Ozturk MA, Sonmez O, Aslan E, Ozkan F, et al. Gastric metastasis in a patient with lobular breast carcinoma 6 years after diagnosis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2014;45:504-5.
33. Joshi P, Lele V, Jain R, Khubchandani S, Sinhasan S. Stomach metastasis of breast carcinoma mimicking primary gastric neoplasm on fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2013;34:128-9.
34. Abid A, Moffa C, Monga DK. Breast cancer metastasis to the GI tract may mimic primary gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:e106-7.
35. Fernandes GS, Corrêa TS, Carvalho EP, Katz A, Hoff PM. Gastric and endobronchial metastases in a case of lobular breast cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2013;6:555-60.
36. Tan L, Piao Y, Liu Z, Han T, Song F, et al. Breast cancer metastasis to the stomach confirmed using gastroscopy: a case report. Oncol Lett 2014;8:1205-7.
37. Geredeli C, Dogru O, Omeroglu E, Yilmaz F, Cicekci F. Gastric metastasis of triple negative invasive lobular carcinoma. Rare Tumors 2015;7:5764.
38. Dória MT, Maesaka JY, Martins SN Filho, Silveira TP, Boufelli G, et al. Gastric metastasis as the first manifestation of an invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Autops Case Rep 2015;5:49-53.
39. Yagi Y, Sasaki S, Yoshikawa A, Tsukioka Y, Fukushima W, et al. Metastatic gastric carcinoma from breast cancer mimicking primary linitis plastica: a case report. Oncol Lett 2015;10:3483-7.
40. Nakamura J, Okuyama K, Sato H, Yoda Y, Kai K, et al. Repeated changes of the molecular subtype in gastric metastasis from breast cancer: a case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2016;4:695-8.
41. Wong CS, Gumber A, Kiruparan P, Blackmore A. Gastric perforation secondary to metastasis from breast cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2016;2016.
42. Dos Santos Fernandes G, Batista Bugiato Faria LD, de Assis Pereira I, Neves NC, Vieira YO, et al. Gastric metastasis of breast cancer: a case series. Rare Tumors 2016;8:6305.
43. Ricciuti B, Leonardi GC, Ravaioli N, De Giglio A, Brambilla M, et al. Ductal breast carcinoma metastatic to the stomach resembling primary linitis plastica in a male patient. J Breast Cancer 2016;19:324-9.
44. Jmour O, Belaïd A, Mghirbi F, Béhi K, Doghri R, et al. Gastric metastasis of bilateral breast cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017;8:E16-20.
45. Bushan K, Kammar P, Singh C, Advani S, Mahajan P. Infiltrating lobular breast cancer presenting as isolated gastric metastasis: a case report. Idian J Surg Oncol 2018;9:318-22.
46. Khan I, Malik R, Khan A, Assad S, Zahid M, et al. Breast cancer metastases to the gastrointestinal tract presenting with anemia and intra-abdominal bleed. Cureus 2017;9:e1429.
47. Namikawa T, Munekage E, Ogawa M, Oki T, Munekage M, et al. Clinical presentation and treatment of gastric metastasis from other malignancies of solid organs. Biomed Rep 2017;7:159-62.
48. Yim K, Ro SM, Lee J. Breast cancer metastasizing to the stomach mimicking primary gastric cancer: a case report. World J Gastroenterol 2017;23:2251-7.
49. Ushida Y, Yoshimizu S, Horiuchi Y, Yoshio T, Ishiyama A, et al. Clinicopathological features of metastatic gastric tumors originating from breast cancer: analysis of eleven cases. World J Oncol 2018;9:104-9.
50. Xu L, Liang S, Yan N, Zhang L, Gu H, et al. Metastatic gastric cancer from breast carcinoma: a report of 78 cases. Oncol Lett 2017;14:4069-77.
51. Waseda Y, Hayashi T, Kaneko S. Gastric metastasis from breast cancer visualized by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. Dig Endosc 2015;27:708-15.
52. Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative bresat disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:146-51.
53. McLemore EC, Pockaj BA, Reynolds C, Gray RJ, Hernandez JL, et al. Breast cancer: presentation and intervention in women with gastrointestinal metastasis and carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:886-94.
54. Simchuk EJ, Low DE. Direct oesphageal metastasis from a distant primary tumour is a submucosal process: a review of six cases. Dis Esophagus 2001;14:247-50.
55. Caramella E, Bruneton JN, Roux P, Aubanel D, Lecomte P. Metastases of the digestive tract: report of 77 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Radiol 1983;3:331-8.
56. Varanasi RV, Saltzman JR, Krims P, Crimaldi A, Colby J. Breast carcinoma metastatic to the oesophagus: clinicopathological and management features of four cases and literature review. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1495-9.
57. Tohfe M, Shami P, Aftimos G, Saade M. Gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer; a case report. South Med J 2003;96:624-5.
58. Zabel BA, Wang Y, Lewén S, Berahovich RD, Penfold ME, et al. Elucidation of CXCR7-mediated signaling events and inhibition of CXCR4-mediated tumor cell transendothelial migration by CXCR7 ligands. J Immunol 2009;183:3204-11.
59. Andre F, Xia W, Conforti R, Wei Y, Boulet T, et al. CXCR4 expression in early breast cancer and risk of distant recurrence. Oncologist 2009;14:1182-8.
60. Bartolomé RA, Ferreiro S, Miquilena-Colina ME, Martínez-Prats L, Soto-Montenegro ML, et al. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the metalloproteinase MT1-MMP are mutually required during melanoma metastasis to lungs. Am J Pathol 2009;174:602-12.
61. Kryczek I, Wei S, Keller E, Liu R, Zou W. Stroma-derived factor (SDF-1/CXCL12) and human tumor pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007;292:C987-95.
62. Borst MJ, Ingold JA. Metastatic patterns of invasive lobular versus invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Surgery 1993;114:637-41. discussion 641-2
64. Wendt MK, Taylor MA, Schiemann BJ, Schiemann WP. Down-regulation of epithelial cadherin is required to initiate metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2011;22:2423-35.
65. Yu HA, Kim EY, Seo MJ, Chung E, Cho MJ, et al. Stomach and colon metastasis from breast cancer. Ewha Med J 2014;37:98-104.
66. Koike K, Kitahara K, Higaki M, Urata M, Yamazaki F, et al. Clinicopathological features of gastric metastasis from breast cancer in three cases. Breast Cancer 2014;21:629-34.
67. Signorelli C, Pomponi-Formiconi D, Nelli F, Pollera CF. Single colon metastasis from breast cancer: a clinical case report. Tumori 2005;91:424-27.
68. Taal BG, Boot H, van Heerde P, de Jong D, Hart AA, et al. Primary non-hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach: endoscopic pattern and prognosis in low versus high grade malignancyin relation to the MALT concept. Gut 1996;39:556-61.
69. Marshall ME. Gastrointestinal metastases from carcinoma of the breast. J Ky Med Assoc 1983;81:154-7.
70. Qu Q, Zong Y, Fei XC, Chen XS, Xu C, et al. The importance of biopsy in clinically diagnosed metastatic lesions in patients with breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2014;12:93.
71. Shimada H, Okazumi S, Koyama M, Murakami K. Japanese gastric cancer association task force for research promotion: clinical utility of 18f-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in gastric cancer. A systematic review of the literature. Gastric Cancer 2011;14:13-21.
72. Chu PG, Weiss LM. Immunoistochemical characterization of signet-ring cell carcinomas of the stomach, breast and colon. Am J Clin Pathol 2004;121:884-92.
73. López Deogracias M, Flores Jaime L, Arias-Camisón I, Zamacola I, Murillo Guibert J, et al. Rectal metastasis from lobular breast carcinoma 15 years after primary diagnosis. Clin Trasl Oncol 2010;12:150-3.
74. Matsui M, Kojima O, Kawakami S, Uehara Y, Takahashi T. The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer possessing sex hormone receptors. Surg Today 1992;22:421-5.
75. Curtit E, Nerich V, Mansi L, Chaigneau L, Cals L, et al. Discordances in estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, and HER-2 status between primary breast cancer adn metastastis. Oncologist 2013;18:667-74.
76. Tot T. The role of cytokeratins 20 and 7 and estrogen receptor analysis in separation of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. APMIS 2000;108:467-72.
77. Werling RW, Yaziji H, Bacchi CE, Gown AM. CDX2, a highly sensitive and specific marker of adenocarcinomas of intestinal origin: an immunohistochemical survey of 476 primary and metastatic carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:303-10.
78. Saad RS, Ghorab Z, Khalifa MA, Xu M. CDX2 as a marker for intestinal differentation: its utility and limitations. World J Gastrointest Surg 2011;3:159-66.
79. Bhargava R, Beriwal S, Dabbs DJ. Mammaglobin vs GCDFP-15: an immunohistologic validation survey for sensitivity and specificity. Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:103-13.
80. Wang Z, Spaulding B, Sienko A, Liang Y, Li H, et al. Mammaglobin, a valuable diagnostic marker for metastatic breast carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2009;2:384-9.
81. Gown AM, Fulton RS, Kandalaft PL. Markers of metastatic carcinoma of breast origin. Histopathology 2016;68:86-95.
82. Xiang X, Zhao X, Qu H, Li D, Yang D, et al. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha promotes the invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of neuroblastoma cells via targeting matrix metalloproteinase. Cancer Lett 2015;359:187-97.
83. Jucá PCFC, Corrêa S, Vignal GM, Accioly MTS, Lustosa SAS, et al. HFN4A expression as a potential diagnostic tool to discriminate primary gastric cancer from breast cancer metastasis in a Brazilian cohort. Diagn Pathol 2017;12:43.
84. Sato T, Muto I, Hasegawa M, Aono T, Okada T, et al. Breast signet-ring cell lobular carcinoma presenting with duodenal obstruction and acute pancreatitis. Asian J Surg 2007;30:220-3.
85. Ciulla A, Castronovo G, Tomasello G, Maiorana AM, Russo L, et al. Gastric metastases originating from occult breast lobular carcinoma: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. World J Surg Oncol 2008;6:78.
86. Corso G, Intra M, Trentin C, Veronesi P, Galimberti V. CDH1 germline mutations and hereditary lobular breast cancer. Fam Cancer 2016;15:215-9.
87. Gjyshi O, Vashi P, Seewald L, Kohan M, Abboud E, et al. Therapeutic and prophylactic gastrectomy in a family with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer secondary to a CDH1 mutation: a case series. World J Surg Oncol 2018;16:143.
88. Figueiredo J, Melo S, Carneiro P, Moreira AM, Fernandes MS, et al. Clinical spectrum and pleiotropic nature of CDH1 germline mutations. J Med Genet 2019;56:199-208.
89. Corso G, Figueiredo J, La Vecchia C, Veronesi P, Pravettoni G, et al. Hereditary lobular breast cancer with an emphasis on E-cadherin genetic defect. J Med Genet 2018;55:431-41.