REFERENCES

1. American Cancer Society. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. In: Cancer Facts & Figures 2006. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2006.

2. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:7-30.

3. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015;136:E359-86.

4. Davidson NE, Armstrong SA, Coussens LM, Cruz-Correa MR, DeBerardinis RJ, Doroshow JH, Foti M, Hwu P, Kensler TW, Morrow M, Mulligan CG, Pao W, Platz EA, Smith TJ, Willman CL. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2016. Clin Cancer Res 2016;22:S1-137.

5. Onitilo AA, Engel JM, Greenlee RT, Mukesh BN. Breast cancer subtypes based on ER/PR and Her2 expression: comparison of clinicopathologic features and survival. Clin Med Res 2009;7:4-13.

6. Wagner AD, Thomssen C, Haertin J, Unverzagt S. Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) targeting therapies for endocrine refractory or resistant metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;1:CD008941.

7. Jordan VC. Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer: concept to gold standard. Oncology (Williston Park) 1997;11:7-13.

8. Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP, Patel CK, Patel M. Novel inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001;11:841-4.

9. Altundag K, Ibrahim NK. Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer: an overview. Oncologist 2006;11:553-62.

10. Garrett JT, Rawale S, Allen SD, Phillips G, Forni G, Morris JC, Kaumaya PT. Novel engineered trastuzumab conformational epitopes demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antitumour properties against HER-2/neu. J Immunol 2007;178:7120-31.

11. Lurje G, Lenz HJ. EGFR signaling and drug discovery. Oncology 2009;77:400-10.

12. Valabrega G, Montemurro F, Aglietta M. Trastuzumab: mechanism of action, resistance and future perspectives in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2007;18:977-84.

13. Dean-Colomb W, Esteva FJ. HER2-positive breast cancer: herceptin and beyond. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:2806-12.

14. Jain RK, Carmeliet PF. Vessels of death or life. Sci Am 2001;285:38-45.

15. Shih T, Lindley C. Bevacizumab: an angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of solid malignancies. Clin Ther 2006;28:1779-802.

16. Gotink KJ, Verheul HM. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors: what is their mechanism of action? Angiogenesis 2010;13:1-14.

17. Farvid MS, Cho E, Chen WY, Eliassen AH, Willett WC. Dietary protein sources in early adulthood and breast cancer incidence: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2014;348:g3437.

18. Kim MK, Kim JH, Nam SJ, Ryu S, Kong G. Dietary intake of soy protein and tofu in association with breast cancer risk based on a case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2008;60:568-76.

19. Nechuta SJ, Caan BJ, Chen WY, Lu W, Chen Z, Kwan ML, Flatt SW, Zheng Y, Zheng W, Pierce JP. Soy food intake after diagnosis of breast cancer and survival: an in-depth analysis of combined evidence from cohort studies of US and Chinese women. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:123-32.

20. Thomson CA, Rock CL, Thompson PA, Caan BJ, Cussler E, Flatt SW, Pierce JP. Vegetable intake is associated with reduced breast cancer recurrence in tamoxifen users: a secondary analysis from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011;125:519-27.

21. Lv ZD, Liu XP, Zhao WJ, Dong Q, Li FN, Wang HB, Kong B. Curcumin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:2818-24.

22. Hu XJ, Xie MY, Kluxen FM, Diel P. Genistein modulates the anti-tumoractivity of cisplatin in MCF-7 breast and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2014;88:625-35.

23. Cai Q, Shu XO, Wen W, Cheng JR, Dai Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Genetic polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase gene, antioxidant intake, and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res 2004;6:R647-55.

24. Roy D, Liehr JG. Estrogen, DNA damage and mutation. Mutat Res 1999;424:107-15.

25. Galati G, O'Brien PJ. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:287-303.

26. Bonofiglio D, Giordano C, de Amicis F, Lanzino M, Ando S. Natural products aspromising antitumoral agents in breast cancer: mechanisms of action and moleculartargets. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016;16:596-604.

27. Krishna KL, Paridhavi M, Patel JA. Review on nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of papaya (Carica papaya Linn.). Nat Prod Rad 2008;7:364-73.

28. Lohsoonthorn P, Danvivat D. Colorectal cancer risk factors: a case-control study in Bangkok. Asia Pac J Public Health 1995;8:118-22.

29. Shahar S, Shafurah S, Shaari H, Rajikan R, Rajab NF, Golkhalkhali B, Zainuddin ZM. Roles of diet, lifetime physical activity and oxidative DNA damage in the occurrence of prostate cancer among men in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12:605-11.

30. Pandey S, Walpole C, Cabot PJ, Shaw PN, Batra J, Hewavitharana AK. Selective anti-proliferative activities of Carica papaya leaf juice extracts against prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017;89:515-23.

31. Siegel EM, Salemi JL, Villa LL, Ferenczy A, Franco EL, Giuliano AR. Dietary consumption of antioxidant nutrients and risk of incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2010;18:289-94.

32. Zhang CX, Ho SC, Chen YM, Fu JH, Cheng SZ, Lin FY. Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2009;125:181-8.

33. Nakamura Y, Yoshimoto M, Murata Y, Shimoishi Y, Asai Y, Park EY, Sato K, Nakamura Y. Papaya seed represents a rich source of biologically active isothiocyanate. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:4407-13.

34. Garcia-Solis P, Yahia EM, Morales-Tlalpan V, Diaz-Munoz M. Screening of antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of plant foods consumed in Mexico on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009;60:32-46.

35. Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;127:760-7.

36. Sancho L, Yahia E, García-Solís P, González-Aguilar G. Inhibition of proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 by lipophilic extracts of papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Maradol) fruit. Food Nutr Sci 2014;5:2097-103.

37. Kaur C, Kapoor HC. Anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables. Int J Food Sci Technol 2002;37:153-61.

38. Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J. Estimation of total flavonoid content inpropolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 2002;10:178-82.

39. Villano D, Fernandez-Pachon MS, Moya ML. Troncoso AM, Garcıa-Parrilla MC. Radical scavenging ability of polyphenolic compounds towards DPPH free radical. Talanta 2007;71:230-5.

40. álvarez R, Araya H, Navarro-Lisboa R, Lopez de Dicastillo C. Evaluation of polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables using a modified enzymatic extraction. Food Technol Biotechnol 2016;54:462-7.

41. Turkmen N, Sari F, Velioglu YS. Effects of extraction solvents on concentration and antioxidant activity of black and black mate tea polyphenols determined by ferroustartrate and Foline-Ciocalteu methods. Food Chem 2006;99:835-41.

42. Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant andanticancer properties. Molecules 2010;15:7313-52.

43. Tsao R. Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients 2010;2:1231-46.

44. Shirode AB, Kovvuru P, Chittur SV, Henning SM, Heber D, Reliene R. Antiproliferative effects of pomegranate extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cells are associated with reduced DNA repair gene expression and induction of double strand breaks. Mol Carcinog 2004;53:458-70.

45. Nguyen TT, Parat MO, Shaw PN, Hewavitharana AK, Hodson MP. Traditional aboriginal preparation alters the chemical profile of carica papaya leaves and impacts on cytotoxicity towards human squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2016;1:e0147956.

46. Aravind G, Bhowmik D, Duraivel S, Harish G. Traditional and medicinal uses of carica papaya. J Med Plants Stud 2013;1:7-15.

47. Aruljothi S, Uma C, Sivagurunathan P, Bhuvaneswari M. Investigation on antibacterial activity of carica papaya leaf extracts against wound infection-causing bacterial. Int J Res Stud Biosci 2004;11:8-12.

48. Trock BJ. Breast cancer in African American women: epidemiology and tumor biology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996;40:11-24.

49. Edwardson D, Chewchuk S, Parissenti AM. Resistance to Anthracyclines and Taxanes in Breast Cancer. In: Ahmad A, editor. Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. pp. 227-47.

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment
ISSN 2454-2857 (Online) 2394-4722 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/