REFERENCES
1. Zhao, K.; Li, S.; Kwon, M.; et al. Hydrovoltaic electricity generators: a comprehensive overview of chemical and architectural designs. Chem. Rev. 2026, 126, 4237-317.
2. Xue, G.; Xu, Y.; Ding, T.; et al. Water-evaporation-induced electricity with nanostructured carbon materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 317-21.
3. Anwar, T.; Tagliabue, G. Enhancing hydrovoltaic power generation through coupled heat and light-driven surface charge dynamics. Nat. Commun. 2026, 17, 1541.
4. Qian, Q.; Xu, L.; Li, H. Evaporation-driven dual-function wood composites: integrating hydrovoltaic generation and thermal management in architectural applications. Adv. Mater. 2026, 38, e13000.
5. Wu, M.; Wang, T.; Zhang, J.; et al. Quasi-ballistic ion transport in a vertical microrod enabling efficient evaporation-driven power generation. Nat. Energy. 2026.
6. Shi, X.; Wei, Y.; Tang, B.; et al. A Kirigami‐driven stretchable paper‐based hydrovoltaic electricity generator. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35, 2419753.





