fig3

Figure 3. The measured EMG, capacitive deformation and muscle work for different muscle contractions. (A) Weight lifting test with single muscle. The volunteer lifted a weight with muscle CC and released it with EC at different speeds. Each column of plots corresponds to different muscle motions: slow CC - slow EC, fast CC - fast EC, slow CC - passive EC, and fast CC - passive EC. The muscle was under tension during slow and fast movements, and was without tension during passive movement; (B) Measurements of EMG and C_s during muscle contractions. RMS of EMG is also calculated for different contractions; (C) Combination of the C_s and the RMS of EMG for different muscle contractions; (D) Illustration of E_w for weight lifting tasks. EMG: Electromyography; CC: concentric contraction; EC: eccentric contraction; RMS: root mean square.