REFERENCES
1. Yu Y, Nyein HYY, Gao W, Javey A. Flexible electrochemical bioelectronics: the rise of in situ bioanalysis. Adv Mater 2020;32:1902083.
2. Ates HC, Nguyen PQ, Gonzalez-Macia L, et al. End-to-end design of wearable sensors. Nat Rev Mater 2022;7:887-907.
4. Singh SU, Chatterjee S, Lone SA, et al. Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene. Mikrochim Acta 2022;189:236.
5. Shen J, Li B, Yang Y, et al. Application, challenge and perspective of triboelectric nanogenerator as micro-nano energy and self-powered biosystem. Biosens Bioelectron 2022;216:114595.
6. Su Y, Yang T, Zhao X, et al. A wireless energy transmission enabled wearable active acetone biosensor for non-invasive prediabetes diagnosis. Nano Energy 2020;74:104941.
7. Ji W, Zhu J, Wu W, et al. Wearable sweat biosensors refresh personalized health/medical diagnostics. Research 2021;2021:9757126.
8. Wang Y, Haick H, Guo S, et al. Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 2022;51:3759-93.
9. Trung TQ, Lee NE. Flexible and stretchable physical sensor integrated platforms for wearable human-activity monitoringand personal healthcare. Adv Mater 2016;28:4338-72.
10. Ma B, Xu C, Chi J, Chen J, Zhao C, Liu H. A versatile approach for direct patterning of liquid metal using magnetic field. Adv Funct Mater 2019;29:1901370.
11. Gao FL, Min P, Gao XZ, et al. Integrated temperature and pressure dual-mode sensors based on elastic PDMS foams decorated with thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS and carbon nanotubes for human energy harvesting and electronic-skin. J Mater Chem A 2022;10:18256-66.
13. Byfield R, Miller M, Miles J, Guidoboni G, Lin J. Towards robust blood pressure estimation from pulse wave velocity measured by photoplethysmography sensors. IEEE Sens J 2022;22:2475-83.
14. Sempionatto JR, Lasalde-Ramírez JA, Mahato K, Wang J, Gao W. Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era. Nat Rev Chem 2022;6:899-915.
15. Wang M, Yang Y, Min J, et al. A wearable electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients. Nat Biomed Eng 2022;6:1225-35.
16. Chen Y, Ma B, Zuo Y, et al. Versatile sweat bioanalysis on demand with hydrogel-programmed wearables. Biosens Bioelectron 2023;235:115412.
17. He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging wearable chemical sensors enabling advanced integrated systems toward personalized and preventive medicine. Anal Chem 2023;95:490-514.
18. Gao W, Ota H, Kiriya D, Takei K, Javey A. Flexible electronics toward wearable sensing. Acc Chem Res 2019;52:523-33.
19. Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, et al. Bio-integrated wearable systems: a comprehensive review. Chem Rev 2019;119:5461-533.
20. Gao W, Emaminejad S, Nyein HYY, et al. Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis. Nature 2016;529:509-14.
21. Nakata S, Arie T, Akita S, Takei K. Wearable, flexible, and multifunctional healthcare device with an ISFET chemical sensor for simultaneous sweat pH and skin temperature monitoring. ACS Sens 2017;2:443-8.
22. Zhang X, Xia Y, Liu Y, Mugo SM, Zhang Q. Integrated wearable sensors for sensing physiological pressure signals and β-hydroxybutyrate in physiological fluids. Anal Chem 2022;94:993-1002.
23. Min J, Tu J, Xu C, et al. Skin-interfaced wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine. Chem Rev 2023;123:5049-138.
25. Kaur G, Kaur N. Estimation of sodium ions using easily engineered organic nanoparticles-based turn-on fluorescent sensor: application in biological and environmental samples. Sens Actuators B Chem 2018;265:134-41.
26. Gonçalves AC, Marson FAL, Mendonça RMH, et al. Chloride and sodium ion concentrations in saliva and sweat as a method to diagnose cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 2019;95:443-50.
27. Speedy DB, Noakes TD, Schneider C. Exercise-associated hyponatremia: a review. Emerg Med 2001;13:17-27.
28. Meng K, Xiao X, Wei W, et al. Wearable pressure sensors for pulse wave monitoring (Adv. Mater. 21/2022). Adv Mater 2022;34:2270158.
29. Lin PH, Sheu SC, Chen CW, Huang SC, Li BR. Wearable hydrogel patch with noninvasive, electrochemical glucose sensor for natural sweat detection. Talanta 2022;241:123187.
30. Nyein HYY, Bariya M, Tran B, et al. A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest. Nat Commun 2021;12:1823.
31. Wu X, Zhu J, Evans JW, Lu C, Arias AC. A potentiometric electronic skin for thermosensation and mechanosensation. Adv Funct Mater 2021;31:2010824.
32. Dobashi Y, Yao D, Petel Y, et al. Piezoionic mechanoreceptors: force-induced current generation in hydrogels. Science 2022;376:502-7.
33. Li J, Li J, Tang Y, et al. Touchable gustation via a hoffmeister gel iontronic sensor. ACS Nano 2023;17:5129-39.
34. Ma B, Chi J, Xu C, Ni Y, Zhao C, Liu H. Wearable capillary microfluidics for continuous perspiration sensing. Talanta 2020;212:120786.
35. Sekine Y, Kim SB, Zhang Y, et al. A fluorometric skin-interfaced microfluidic device and smartphone imaging module for in situ quantitative analysis of sweat chemistry. Lab Chip 2018;18:2178-86.
36. Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Reeder JT, et al. Soft, skin-integrated multifunctional microfluidic systems for accurate colorimetric analysis of sweat biomarkers and temperature. ACS Sens 2019;4:379-88.
37. Glennon T, O’quigley C, McCaul M, et al. ‘SWEATCH’: a wearable platform for harvesting and analysing sweat sodium content. Electroanalysis 2016;28:1283-9.
38. Demuru S, Kunnel BP, Briand D. Real-time multi-ion detection in the sweat concentration range enabled by flexible, printed, and microfluidics-integrated organic transistor arrays. Adv Mater Technol 2020;5:2000328.
39. Parrilla M, Ortiz-Gómez I, Cánovas R, Salinas-Castillo A, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Wearable potentiometric ion patch for on-body electrolyte monitoring in sweat: toward a validation strategy to ensure physiological relevance. Anal Chem 2019;91:8644-51.
