fig5

Figure 5. Different structures of nanofluid metal sensors and their applications or properties. (A) Particulate nano-LM structures: (i) LMNPs are based on the induction of cadmium ions by a three-phase electric field; (ii) LMNPs absorb UV light; (iii) The solid-core liquid-shell structure of GaNPs senses temperature changes; (B) LMNPs-based one-dimensional circuit structures: (i) Preparation of conductive pathways from sintered nano-LMs; (ii) High conductivity of nano-LM circuits^[174]; (iii) Nano-LMs for the preparation of conductive fibres^[178]; (C) Nano-LM planar circuit structure: (i) Multiple ways of preparing plannar structures and sintering; (ii) Self-sintering of liquid metal to form planar structures; (iii) Stretchability of flat structures^[184]; (iv) Plane structures rich in other sensing properties^[163]; (D) Nanometer LM embedded elastomer structure: (i) Cross-linking network of LMEE; (ii) LMEE material with good strain sensitivity; (iii) Multiple interactions give LMEE materials self-adhesive properties^[190]; (iv) The strong self-healing capability of LMEE; (v) LMEE formed by multiple conductive fillers. CNF: Cellulose nanofiber; CNT: carbon nanotube; LMEE: LM embedded elastomer; LMNPs: LM nanoparticles; MEK: methyl ethyl ketone; PAA: poly(acrylic acid); PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; PVDF-HFP-TFE: poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene); SA: sodium alginate; UV: ultraviolet.