fig1

Figure 1. Conduction theory of polyelectrolyte-based conductive hydrogels. (A) Schematic illustration of the preparation and formation mechanism of P(AMPSs-co-AAm)/SC hydrogel and the reversible physical interactions between its components^[23]. (B) Synthesis mechanism of AAV hydrogel^[24]. (C) Schematic illustration of PPDP gel electrolyte applied on electrodes. The ion migration channel is formed by applying an external electric field. PPDP is strongly hydrated by water molecules with robust water retention ability due to the electrostatic interactions between the zwitterionic groups and water molecules^[27]. (D) Schematic of fabrication of PVA/P(AM-co-SBMA) DN gels^[28]. (A) Reproduced with permission^[23]. Copyright 2021, RSC. (B) Reproduced with permission^[24]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (C) Reproduced with permission^[27]. Copyright 2016, Springer. (D) Reproduced with permission^[28]. Copyright 2019, Wiley.