fig8

From: The expression characteristics of LBP in spinal tuberculosis and its regulatory effect on the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway

Figure 8. Schematic illustration of the putative mechanism of LBP in STB-associated inflammation. Under mycobacterial stimulation, upregulated LBP is correlated with changes in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis, and is associated with increased expression of downstream inflammatory mediators including NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and CCL3, which may contribute to the inflammatory progression of spinal tuberculosis. Created in BioRender. Wangjiong, W. (2026) https://BioRender.com/qnzcqqs. STB: Spinal tuberculosis; LBP: lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; CCL3: C-C motif chemokine ligand; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4.