REFERENCES
1. GBD 2021 Adult BMI Collaborators. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2025;405:813-38.
3. Drucker DJ. GLP-1-based therapies for diabetes, obesity and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2025;24:631-50.
4. Becerril S, Frühbeck G. Cagrilintide plus semaglutide for obesity management. Lancet. 2021;397:1687-9.
5. Garvey WT, Blüher M, Osorto Contreras CK, et al. ; REDEFINE 1 Study Group. Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393:635-47.
6. Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, Courcoulas AP. Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: a review. JAMA. 2020;324:879-87.
7. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. ; STEP 1 Study Group. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:989-1002.
8. Look M, Dunn JP, Kushner RF, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27:2720-9.
9. Neeland IJ, Linge J, Birkenfeld AL. Changes in lean body mass with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies and mitigation strategies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26:16-27.
10. Secher A, Lutz TA, Raun K. The story of amylin: from physiology to therapy. Nat Metab. 2026;8:299-312.
11. Dacquin R, Davey RA, Laplace C, et al. Amylin inhibits bone resorption while the calcitonin receptor controls bone formation in vivo. J Cell Biol. 2004;164:509-14.
12. Maleitzke T, Hildebrandt A, Dietrich T, et al. The calcitonin receptor protects against bone loss and excessive inflammation in collagen antibody-induced arthritis. iScience. 2022;25:103689.
13. Davies MJ, Bajaj HS, Broholm C, et al. ; REDEFINE 2 Study Group. Cagrilintide-semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;393:648-59.
14. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. ; SURMOUNT-1 Investigators. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:205-16.
15. Billings LK, Hsia S, Bays H, et al. Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: a 48-week phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2025;406:2631-43.
16. le Roux CW, Wharton S, Startseva E, et al. ; SYNCHRONIZE-1 Investigators. Survodutide once weekly for the treatment of adults with obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026;Epub ahead of print.
17. Jastreboff AM, Ryan DH, Bays HE, et al. ; MariTide Phase 2 Obesity Trial Investigators. Once-monthly maridebart cafraglutide for the treatment of obesity - a phase 2 trial. N Engl J Med. 2025;393:843-57.
18. Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al. ; Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial Investigators. Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity - a phase 2 trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514-26.
19. Bajaj HS, Welch M, Shah P, et al. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2026;407:2402-13.
20. Tzeravini E, Simati S, Anastasiou IA, Dalamaga M, Kokkinos A. Gut peptide alterations in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a narrative review. Curr Obes Rep. 2026;15:8.
21. Holm SK, Johansen VBI, Clemmensen C. LEAP2 as a therapeutic target in obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2026;27:687-704.
22. Holm SK, Johansen VBI, Ranea-Robles P, et al. Sustained weight loss with combined LEAP2 and semaglutide treatment in mice. Diabetes. 2025;74:2089-100.
23. Englund A, Lange AH, Hagemann CA, et al. LEAP2 reduces ad libitum food intake and attenuates postprandial glucose excursions in men with obesity. Diabetes. 2026;75:925-37.
