REFERENCES
1. Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al Kaabi J. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes - global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10:107-11.
2. American Diabetes Association. 11. Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S135-51.
3. Ziegler D, Papanas N, Vinik AI, Shaw JE. Chapter 1 - Epidemiology of polyneuropathy in diabetes and prediabetes. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;126:3-22.
4. Malik RA, Tesfaye S, Thompson SD, et al. Endoneurial localisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia. 1993;36:454-9.
5. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001;414:813-20.
6. Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC, et al; American Diabetes Association. Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005;28:956-62.
7. Pop-Busui R, Lu J, Brooks MM, et al; BARI 2D Study Group. Impact of glycemic control strategies on the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes (BARI 2D) cohort. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3208-15.
8. Ang L, Jaiswal M, Martin C, Pop-Busui R. Glucose control and diabetic neuropathy: lessons from recent large clinical trials. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14:528.
9. Martin CL, Albers JW, Pop-Busui R; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Neuropathy and related findings in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes Care 2014;37:31-8.
10. Smith S, Normahani P, Lane T, Hohenschurz-Schmidt D, Oliver N, Davies AH. Pathogenesis of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in diabetes. Life. 2022;12:1074.
11. Ziegler D, Papanas N, Schnell O, et al. Current concepts in the management of diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig. 2021;12:464-75.
12. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJ, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:136-54.
13. Kamiya H, Shibata Y, Himeno T, et al. Point-of-care nerve conduction device predicts the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: a quantitative, but easy-to-use, prediction model. J Diabetes Investig. 2021;12:583-91.
14. Hemmi S, Kurokawa K, Nagai T, Okamoto T, Murakami T, Sunada Y. Whole plantar nerve conduction study with disposable strip electrodes. Muscle Nerve. 2016;53:209-13.
15. Galiero R, Ricciardi D, Pafundi PC, et al. Whole plantar nerve conduction study: a new tool for early diagnosis of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;176:108856.
17. Stevens PE, Levin A; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline Development Work Group Members. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2013;158:825-30.
18. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al; List of authors/Task Force members. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens 2018;36:2284-309.
19. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:111-88.
20. Spallone V, Morganti R, D’Amato C, Greco C, Cacciotti L, Marfia GA. Validation of DN4 as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabet Med. 2012;29:578-85.
21. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, et al; Toronto Diabetic Neuropathy Expert Group. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2285-93.
22. Spallone V. Update on the impact, diagnosis and management of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: what is defined, what is new, and what is unmet. Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43:3-30.
23. American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Guidelines in electrodiagnostic medicine. Muscle Nerve. 1992;15:229-53.
24. Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, et al; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1578-84.
25. Sasso FC, Salvatore T, Tranchino G, et al. Cochlear dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: a complication independent of neuropathy and acute hyperglycemia. Metabolism. 1999;48:1346-50.
26. Narres M, Kvitkina T, Claessen H, et al. Incidence of lower extremity amputations in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic population: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0182081.
27. Lu B, Hu J, Wen J, et al. Determination of peripheral neuropathy prevalence and associated factors in Chinese subjects with diabetes and pre-diabetes - ShangHai Diabetic neuRopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study (SH-DREAMS). PLoS One. 2013;8:e61053.
28. Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, et al; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Use of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument as a measure of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications. Diabet Med 2012;29:937-44.
29. Bril V, Kojic J, Ngo M, Clark K. Comparison of a neurothesiometer and vibration in measuring vibration perception thresholds and relationship to nerve conduction studies. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1360-2.
30. Perkins BA, Bril V. Diabetic neuropathy: a review emphasizing diagnostic methods. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;114:1167-75.
31. Im S, Kim SR, Park JH, Kim YS, Park GY. Assessment of the medial dorsal cutaneous, dorsal sural, and medial plantar nerves in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic patients with normal sural and superficial peroneal nerve responses. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:834-9.
32. Kural MA, Karlsson P, Pugdahl K, Isak B, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Tankisi H. Diagnostic utility of distal nerve conduction studies and sural near-nerve needle recording in polyneuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128:1590-5.
33. Løseth S, Nebuchennykh M, Stålberg E, Mellgren SI. Medial plantar nerve conduction studies in healthy controls and diabetics. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118:1155-61.
34. Sylantiev C, Schwartz R, Chapman J, Buchman AS. Medial plantar nerve testing facilitates identification of polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38:1595-8.
35. Hemmi S, Inoue K, Murakami T, Sunada Y. PO1.18 Comparison of the sensitivities of plantar nerve conduction techniques for early detection of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120:S37.
36. Guiloff RJ, Sherratt RM. Sensory conduction in medial plantar nerve: normal values, clinical applications, and a comparison with the sural and upper limb sensory nerve action potentials in peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977;40:1168-81.
37. Ponsford SN. Sensory conduction in medial and lateral plantar nerves. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:188-91.
38. Guo Y, Palmer JL, Brown XS, Fu JB. Sural and radial sensory responses in patients with sensory polyneuropathy. Clin Med Rev Case Rep. 2015;2:049.
39. Kellogg AP, Wiggin TD, Larkin DD, Hayes JM, Stevens MJ, Pop-Busui R. Protective effects of cyclooxygenase-2 gene inactivation against peripheral nerve dysfunction and intraepidermal nerve fiber loss in experimental diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56:2997-3005.
40. Squintani G, Zoppini G, Donato F, et al. Antidromic sensory nerve conduction study of the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve: a novel method to detect early diabetic sensory axonal polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2014;50:193-9.
41. Uluc K, Isak B, Borucu D, et al. Medial plantar and dorsal sural nerve conduction studies increase the sensitivity in the detection of neuropathy in diabetic patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;119:880-5.
42. Herrmann DN, Ferguson ML, Pannoni V, Barbano RL, Stanton M, Logigian EL. Plantar nerve AP and skin biopsy in sensory neuropathies with normal routine conduction studies. Neurology. 2004;63:879-85.
43. Lai YR, Huang CC, Chiu WC, et al. Sural nerve sensory response in diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2020;61:88-94.
44. Bril V, Nyunt M, Ngo M. Limits of the sympathetic skin response in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:1427-30.
45. Oh SJ, Melo AC, Lee DK, et al. Large-fiber neuropathy in distal sensory neuropathy with normal routine nerve conduction. Neurology. 2001;56:1570-2.