REFERENCES

1. Parola M, Pinzani M. Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues. Mol Aspects Med 2019;65:37-55.

2. Lambrecht J, van Grunsven LA, Tacke F. Current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic interventions for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020;21:1637-50.

3. Friedman SL, Pinzani M. Hepatic fibrosis 2022: Unmet needs and a blueprint for the future. Hepatology 2022;75:473-88.

4. Gordon SC, Kachru N, Parker E, Korrer S, Ozbay AB, Wong RJ. Health care use and costs among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis using the fibrosis-4 score. Hepatol Commun 2020;4:998-1011.

5. Tacke F, Weiskirchen R. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related liver fibrosis: mechanisms, treatment and prevention. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:729.

6. Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, Sanyal AJ. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018;24:908-22.

7. Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, Burroughs AK. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2014;383:1749-61.

8. Dulai PS, Singh S, Patel J, et al. Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 2017;65:1557-65.

9. Sanyal AJ, Van Natta ML, Clark J, et al. Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 2021;385:1559-69.

10. Loomba R, Friedman SL, Shulman GI. Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell 2021;184:2537-64.

11. Vilar-Gomez E, Calzadilla-Bertot L, Wai-Sun Wong V, et al. Fibrosis severity as a determinant of cause-specific mortality in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-national cohort study. Gastroenterology 2018;155:443-457.e17.

12. Mantovani A, Csermely A, Petracca G, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;6:903-13.

13. Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Itoh Y. Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:475-85.

14. Lonardo A, Ballestri S. Perspectives of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease research: a personal point of view. Explor Med 2020;1:85-107.

15. Wang FD, Zhou J, Chen EQ. Molecular mechanisms and potential new therapeutic drugs for liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:787748.

16. Qu W, Ma T, Cai J, et al. Liver fibrosis and MAFLD: from molecular aspects to novel pharmacological strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:761538.

17. Bitto N, Liguori E, La Mura V. Coagulation, microenvironment and liver fibrosis. Cells 2018;7:85.

18. Ballestri S, Capitelli M, Fontana MC, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with liver disease in the era of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease global epidemic: a narrative review. Adv Ther 2020;37:1910-32.

19. Davis JPE, Caldwell SH. Healing gone wrong: convergence of hemostatic pathways and liver fibrosis? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020;134:2189-201.

20. Mahmoud NI, Messiha BAS, Salehc IG, Abo-Saif AA, Abdel-Bakky MS. Interruption of platelets and thrombin function as a new approach against liver fibrosis induced experimentally in rats. Life Sci 2019;231:116522.

21. Czajka P, Przybyłkowski A, Nowak A, et al. Antiplatelet drugs and liver fibrosis. Platelets 2022;33:219-28.

22. Rahman SR, Roper JA, Grove JI, Aithal GP, Pun KT, Bennett AJ. Integrins as a drug target in liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2022;42:507-21.

23. Dwyer BJ, Macmillan MT, Brennan PN, Forbes SJ. Cell therapy for advanced liver diseases: repair or rebuild. J Hepatol 2021;74:185-99.

24. Wang S, Friedman SL. Hepatic fibrosis: a convergent response to liver injury that is reversible. J Hepatol 2020;73:210-1.

25. Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Am Med Assoc 2021;326:2031-42.

26. Chew NWS, Ng CH, Muthiah MD, Sanyal AJ. Comprehensive review and updates on holistic approach towards non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management with cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022;24:515-32.

27. Yang YM, Wang Z, Matsuda M, Seki E. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis by 4-methylumbelliferone ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced murine model. Arch Pharm Res 2021;44:230-40.

28. Pritchard MT, McCracken JM. Identifying novel targets for treatment of liver fibrosis: what can we learn from injured tissues which heal without a scar? Curr Drug Targets 2015;16:1332-46].

29. Andreichenko IN, Tsitrina AA, Fokin AV, et al. 4-methylumbelliferone prevents liver fibrosis by affecting hyaluronan deposition, fstl1 expression and cell localization. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:6301.

30. Weiz G, Molejon MI, Malvicini M, et al. Glycosylated 4-methylumbelliferone as a targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2022;42:444-57.

31. Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy is not always necessary. Prescrire Int 2010;19:38.

32. Lai M, Afdhal NH. Liver fibrosis determination. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2019;48:281-9.

33. Vilar-Gomez E, Chalasani N. Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers. J Hepatol 2018;68:305-15.

34. Boyle M, Tiniakos D, Schattenberg JM, et al. Performance of the PRO-C3 collagen neo-epitope biomarker in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2019;1:188-98.

35. Anstee QM, Castera L, Loomba R. Impact of non-invasive biomarkers on hepatology practice: past, present and future. J Hepatol 2022;76:1362-78.

36. Williams AL, Hoofnagle JH. Ratio of serum aspartate to alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis relationship to cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1988;95:734-9.

37. Forns X, Ampurdanès S, Llovet JM, et al. Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model. Hepatology 2002;36:986-92.

38. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003;38:518-26.

39. Harrison SA, Oliver D, Arnold HL, Gogia S, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease. Gut 2008;57:1441-7.

40. Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, et al. Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology 2006;43:1317-25.

41. Angulo P, Hui JM, Marchesini G, et al. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2007;45:846-54.

42. McPherson S, Hardy T, Dufour JF, et al. Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2017;112:740-51.

43. Lemoine M, Shimakawa Y, Nayagam S, et al. The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) predicts significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV infection in West Africa. Gut 2016;65:1369-76.

44. Ampuero J, Pais R, Aller R, et al. HEPAmet Registry. Development and validation of hepamet fibrosis scoring system-a simple, noninvasive test to identify patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:216-225.e5.

45. Ballestri S, Mantovani A, Baldelli E, et al. Liver fibrosis biomarkers accurately exclude advanced fibrosis and are associated with higher cardiovascular risk scores in patients with NAFLD or viral chronic liver disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021;11:98.

46. Brandman D, Boyle M, McPherson S, et al. Comparison of clinical prediction rules for ruling out cirrhosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;55:1441-51.

47. Sun W, Cui H, Li N, et al. Comparison of FIB-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score for prediction of advanced fibrosis in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis study. Hepatol Res 2016;46:862-70.

48. Boursier J, Canivet CM, Costentin C, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes on the accuracy of noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis with resulting clinical implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ;2022:S1542-3565(22)00248.

49. Petta S, Vanni E, Bugianesi E, et al. The combination of liver stiffness measurement and NAFLD fibrosis score improves the noninvasive diagnostic accuracy for severe liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2015;35:1566-73.

50. Jafarov F, Kaya E, Bakir A, Eren F, Yilmaz Y. The diagnostic utility of fibrosis-4 or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score combined with liver stiffness measurement by fibroscan in assessment of advanced liver fibrosis: a biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;32:642-9.

51. Newsome PN, Sasso M, Deeks JJ, et al. FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:362-73.

52. Eddowes PJ, Sasso M, Allison M, et al. Accuracy of fibroscan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2019;156:1717-30.

53. Oeda S, Takahashi H, Imajo K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan-AST score to identify non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: comparison between M and XL probes. Hepatol Res 2020;50:831-9.

54. Kim BK, Tamaki N, Imajo K, et al. Head-to-head comparison between MEFIB, MAST, and FAST for detecting stage 2 fibrosis or higher among patients with NAFLD. J Hepatol 2022;77:1482-90.

55. Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ;2022:S1542-3565(22)00439.

56. Reddy YK, Marella HK, Jiang Y, et al. Natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study with paired liver biopsies. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020;10:245-54.

57. Perazzo H, Munteanu M, Ngo Y, et al. Prognostic value of liver fibrosis and steatosis biomarkers in type-2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:1081-93.

58. Kim D, Kim WR, Kim HJ, Therneau TM. Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States. Hepatology 2013;57:1357-65.

59. Song DS, Chang UI, Kang SG, Song SW, Yang JM. Noninvasive serum fibrosis markers are associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut Liver 2019;13:658-68.

60. Schonmann Y, Yeshua H, Bentov I, Zelber-Sagi S. Liver fibrosis marker is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Dig Liver Dis 2021;53:79-85.

61. Han E, Lee YH, Lee JS, et al. Fibrotic burden determines cardiovascular risk among subjects with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Gut Liver 2022;16:786-97.

62. Chen Q, Li Q, Li D, et al. Association between liver fibrosis scores and the risk of mortality among patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2020;299:45-52.

63. Baratta F, Pastori D, Angelico F, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:2324-2331.e4.

64. Lee J, Kim HS, Cho YK, et al. Association between noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and coronary artery calcification progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2020;10:18323.

65. Liu HH, Cao YX, Jin JL, et al. Liver fibrosis scoring systems as novel tools for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e018869.

66. Peters AE, Pandey A, Ayers C, et al. Association of liver fibrosis risk scores with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: findings from TOPCAT. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:842-8.

67. Parikh NS, Koh I, VanWagner LB, Elkind MSV, Zakai NA, Cushman M. Liver fibrosis is associated with ischemic stroke risk in women but not men: the REGARDS study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021;30:105788.

68. Oh TJ, Kim K, Moon JH, Choi SH, Cho NH, Jang HC. Liver fibrosis indices for the prediction of mortality in korean subjects: a 16-year prospective cohort study. J Endocr Soc 2021;5:bvab123.

69. Delgado GE, Kleber ME, Moissl AP, et al. Surrogate scores of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH do not predict mortality in patients with medium-to-high cardiovascular risk. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021;321:G252-61.

70. Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Takahashi Y, et al. Liver fibrosis and fatty liver as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;36:2960-6.

71. Akuta N, Kawamura Y, Arase Y, et al. PNPLA3 genotype and fibrosis-4 index predict cardiovascular diseases of Japanese patients with histopathologically-confirmed NAFLD. BMC Gastroenterol 2021;21:434.

72. Jin JL, Zhang HW, Cao YX, et al. Liver fibrosis scores and coronary atherosclerosis: novel findings in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Hepatol Int 2021;15:413-23.

73. Zupo R, Castellana F, De Nucci S, et al. Liver fibrosis and 8-year all-cause mortality trajectories in the aging cohort of the salus in apulia study. Biomedicines 2021;9:1617.

74. Zupo R, Castellana F, Donghia R, et al. Liver frailty and all-cause mortality in the older participants of the Salus in Apulia study. Geroscience 2022;44:835-45.

75. Vieira Barbosa J, Milligan S, Frick A, et al. Fibrosis-4 index can independently predict major adverse cardiovascular events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2022;117:453-61.

76. Ferraioli G, Wong VW, Castera L, et al. Liver ultrasound elastography: an update to the world federation for ultrasound in medicine and biology guidelines and recommendations. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018;44:2419-40.

77. Ballestri S, Nascimbeni F, Lugari S, Lonardo A, Francica G. A critical appraisal of the use of ultrasound in hepatic steatosis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;13:667-81.

78. Ajmera V, Loomba R. Imaging biomarkers of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis. Mol Metab 2021;50:101167.

79. Lee MS, Bae JM, Joo SK, Woo H, Lee DH, Jung YJ, et al. Prospective comparison among transient elastography, supersonic shear imaging, and ARFI imaging for predicting fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017;12:e0188321.

80. Honda Y, Yoneda M, Imajo K, Nakajima A. Elastography techniques for the assessment of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:4039.

81. Conti CB, Cavalcoli F, Fraquelli M, Conte D, Massironi S. Ultrasound elastographic techniques in focal liver lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:2647-56.

82. Liu H, Fu J, Hong R, Liu L, Li F. Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for the non-invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a systematic review & meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0127782.

83. Cassinotto C, Boursier J, de Lédinghen V, et al. Liver stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comparison of supersonic shear imaging, FibroScan, and ARFI with liver biopsy. Hepatology 2016;63:1817-27.

84. Jiang W, Huang S, Teng H, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of point shear wave elastography and transient elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018;8:e021787.

85. Herrmann E, de Lédinghen V, Cassinotto C, et al. Assessment of biopsy-proven liver fibrosis by two-dimensional shear wave elastography: an individual patient data-based meta-analysis. Hepatology 2018;67:260-72.

86. Castera L, Friedrich-Rust M, Loomba R. Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2019;156:1264-1281.e4.

87. Selvaraj EA, Mózes FE, Jayaswal ANA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2021;75:770-85.

88. Petta S, Sebastiani G, Bugianesi E, et al. Non-invasive prediction of esophageal varices by stiffness and platelet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018;69:878-85.

89. Berzigotti A, Ferraioli G, Bota S, Gilja OH, Dietrich CF. Novel ultrasound-based methods to assess liver disease: the game has just begun. Dig Liver Dis 2018;50:107-12.

90. Park CC, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2017;152:598-607.e2.

91. Lee YS, Lee JE, Yi HS, et al. MRE-based NASH score for diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2022;16:316-24.

92. Polyzos SA, Kechagias S, Tsochatzis EA. Review article: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;54:1013-25.

93. Veracruz N, Hameed B, Saab S, Wong RJ. The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and extrahepatic cancers. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021;11:45-81.

94. Friedrich-Rust M, Schoelzel F, Maier S, et al. Severity of coronary artery disease is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease: a single-blinded prospective mono-center study. PLoS One 2017;12:e0186720.

95. Song Y, Dang Y, Wang P, Tian G, Ruan L. CHD is associated with higher grades of NAFLD predicted by liver stiffness. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020;54:271-7.

96. Lombardi R, Airaghi L, Targher G, et al. Liver fibrosis by FibroScan® independently of established cardiovascular risk parameters associates with macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Liver Int 2020;40:347-54.

97. Mantovani A, Turino T, Lando MG, et al. Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using liver stiffness measurement and its association with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2020;46:296-303.

98. Mikolasevic I, Rahelic D, Turk-Wensween T, et al. Significant liver fibrosis, as assessed by fibroscan, is independently associated with chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetes: a multicenter study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021;177:108884.

99. Long MT, Zhang X, Xu H, et al. Hepatic fibrosis associates with multiple cardiometabolic disease risk factors: the framingham heart study. Hepatology 2021;73:548-59.

100. Pennisi G, Di Marco V, Buscemi C, et al. Interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in an asymptomatic general population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;36:2389-96.

101. Park JG, Jung J, Verma KK, et al. Liver stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;53:1030-7.

102. Ciardullo S, Cannistraci R, Mazzetti S, Mortara A, Perseghin G. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and cardiovascular disease in the adult US population. Front Endocrinol 2021;12:711484.

103. Liu K, Wong VW, Lau K, et al. Prognostic value of controlled attenuation parameter by transient elastography. Am J Gastroenterol 2017;112:1812-23.

104. Shili-Masmoudi S, Wong GL, Hiriart JB, et al. Liver stiffness measurement predicts long-term survival and complications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2020;40:581-9.

105. Mikolasevic I, Domislovic V, Ruzic A, et al. Elastographic parameters of liver steatosis and fibrosis predict independently the risk of incident chronic kidney disease and acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat 2022;36:108226.

106. Cardoso CRL, Villela-Nogueira CA, Leite NC, Salles GF. Prognostic impact of liver fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro Cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:193.

107. Grgurevic I, Salkic N, Mustapic S, et al. Liver and nonliver-related outcomes at 2 years are not influenced by the results of the fib-4 test and liver elastography in a real-life cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;2021:5582813.

108. Petta S, Sebastiani G, Viganò M, et al. Monitoring occurrence of liver-related events and survival by transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;19:806-815.e5.

109. Mangla N, Ajmera VH, Caussy C, et al. Liver stiffness severity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:744-746.e1.

110. Johnson AL, Hayward KL, Patel P, et al. Predicting liver-related outcomes in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the prognostic value of noninvasive fibrosis tests. Hepatol Commun 2022;6:728-39.

111. Petta S, Wong VW, Cammà C, et al. Serial combination of non-invasive tools improves the diagnostic accuracy of severe liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;46:617-27.

112. Chan WK, Treeprasertsuk S, Goh GB, et al. Optimizing use of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, fibrosis-4 score, and liver stiffness measurement to identify patients with advanced fibrosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:2570-2580.e37.

113. Ballestri S, Romagnoli D, Nascimbeni F, Francica G, Lonardo A. Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its complications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;9:603-27.

114. Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Barbui C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2016;65:589-600.

115. Ballestri S, Mantovani A, Nascimbeni F, Lugari S, Lonardo A. Extra-hepatic manifestations and complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Future Med Chem 2019;11:2171-92.

116. Ballestri S, Tana C, Di Girolamo M, et al. Semi-quantitative ultrasonographic evaluation of NAFLD. Curr Pharm Des 2020;26:3915-27.

117. Nascimbeni F, Ballestri S, Machado MV, et al. Clinical relevance of liver histopathology and different histological classifications of NASH in adults. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;12:351-67.

118. Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: cause or consequence? J Hepatol 2018;68:335-52.

119. Tamaki N, Imajo K, Sharpton SR, et al. Two-step strategy, fib-4 followed by magnetic resonance elastography, for detecting advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ;2022:S1542-3565(22)00077.

121. Lonardo A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Precision medicine approaches in metabolic disorders and target organ damage: where are we now, and where are we going? Metab Target Organ Damage 2021; doi: 10.20517/mtod.2021.03.

121. Lonardo A. Renaming NAFLD to MAFLD: could the LDE system assist in this transition? J Clin Med 2021;10:492.

122. Lonardo A, Arab JP, Arrese M. Perspectives on precision medicine approaches to nafld diagnosis and management. Adv Ther 2021;38:2130-58.

123. Lonardo A. Precision medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;37:1175-8.

124. Alkhouri N, Herring R, Kabler H, et al. Safety and efficacy of combination therapy with semaglutide, cilofexor and firsocostat in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomised, open-label phase II trial. J Hepatol 2022;77:607-18.

125. Stokman G, van den Hoek AM, Denker Thorbekk D, et al. Dual targeting of hepatic fibrosis and atherogenesis by icosabutate, an engineered eicosapentaenoic acid derivative. Liver Int 2020;40:2860-76.

Metabolism and Target Organ Damage
ISSN 2769-6375 (Online)
Follow Us

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/