REFERENCES
1. Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: [email protected]. EASL clinical practice guidelines: liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2016;64:433-85.
2. Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critical updates on chronic hepatitis B virus infection in 2021. Cureus 2021;13:e19152.
3. Yousafzai MT, Bajis S, Alavi M, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Hajarizadeh B. Global cascade of care for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2021;28:1340-54.
4. Burra P, Becchetti C, Germani G. NAFLD and liver transplantation: disease burden, current management and future challenges. JHEP Rep 2020;2:100192.
5. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology 2016;64:73-84.
6. Kim CH, Younossi ZM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Cleve Clin J Med 2008;75:721-8.
7. Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol 2020;73:202-9.
8. Singh S, Allen AM, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Murad MH, Loomba R. Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:643-54.e1.
9. Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Afendy M, et al. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:524-530.e1; quiz e60.
10. Cotter TG, Charlton M. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2020;26:141-59.
11. Adam R, Karam V, Cailliez V, et al. all the other 126 contributing centers (www. eltr.org) and the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA). 2018 annual report of the European liver transplant registry (ELTR)-50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018;31:1293-317.
12. Kolly P, Dufour JF. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NASH. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016;6:22.
13. Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Ong JP, et al. Global nonalcoholic steatohepatitis council. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:748-755.e3.
14. Haldar D, Kern B, Hodson J, et al. European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA). Outcomes of liver transplantation for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a european liver transplant registry study. J Hepatol 2019;71:313-22.
15. Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. Hepatology 2014;59:2188-95.
16. Axley P, Ahmed Z, Arora S, et al. NASH is the most rapidly growing etiology for acute-on-chronic liver failure-related hospitalization and disease burden in the united states: a population-based study. Liver Transpl 2019;25:695-705.
18. Parikh ND, Marrero WJ, Wang J, et al. Projected increase in obesity and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-related liver transplantation waitlist additions in the United States. Hepatology 2019;70:487-95.
19. Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK, Heimbach JK, Charlton MR. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transplant 2010;10:1420-7.
20. Ferreira SC, Penaforte FRO, Cardoso ASR, et al. Eating behaviour patterns are associated with excessive weight gain after liver transplantation. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019;32:693-701.
21. Charco R, Cantarell C, Vargas V, et al. Serum cholesterol changes in long-term survivors of liver transplantation: a comparison between cyclosporine and tacrolimus therapy. Liver Transpl Surg 1999;5:204-8.
22. Bhagat V, Mindikoglu AL, Nudo CG, Schiff ER, Tzakis A, Regev A. Outcomes of liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis versus patients with cirrhosis due to alcoholic liver disease. Liver Transpl 2009;15:1814-20.
23. Nair S, Verma S, Thuluvath PJ. Obesity and its effect on survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States. Hepatology 2002;35:105-9.
24. Leonard J, Heimbach JK, Malinchoc M, Watt K, Charlton M. The impact of obesity on long-term outcomes in liver transplant recipients-results of the NIDDK liver transplant database. Am J Transplant 2008;8:667-72.
25. Hakeem AR, Cockbain AJ, Raza SS, et al. Increased morbidity in overweight and obese liver transplant recipients: a single-center experience of 1325 patients from the United Kingdom. Liver Transpl 2013;19:551-62.
26. Singhal A, Wilson GC, Wima K, et al. Impact of recipient morbid obesity on outcomes after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2015;28:148-55.
27. Segev DL, Thompson RE, Locke JE, et al. Prolonged waiting times for liver transplantation in obese patients. Ann Surg 2008;248:863-70.
28. Conzen KD, Vachharajani N, Collins KM, et al. Morbid obesity in liver transplant recipients adversely affects longterm graft and patient survival in a single-institution analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2015;17:251-7.
29. Tsochatzis E, Coilly A, Nadalin S, et al. International liver transplantation consensus statement on end-stage liver disease due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver transplantation. Transplantation 2019;103:45-56.
30. van Son J, Stam SP, Gomes-Neto AW, et al. Post-transplant obesity impacts long-term survival after liver transplantation. Metabolism 2020;106:154204.
31. Beckmann S, Drent G, Ruppar T, Nikolić N, De Geest S. Body weight parameters are related to morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 2019;103:2287-303.
32. Dare AJ, Plank LD, Phillips AR, et al. Additive effect of pretransplant obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors on outcomes after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014;20:281-90.
33. Lieber SR, Lee RA, Jiang Y, et al. The impact of post-transplant diabetes mellitus on liver transplant outcomes. Clin Transplant 2019;33:e13554.
34. Barone M, Viggiani MT, Losurdo G, Principi M, Leandro G, Di Leo A. Systematic review with meta-analysis: post-operative complications and mortality risk in liver transplant candidates with obesity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;46:236-45.
35. Wong RJ, Aguilar M, Cheung R, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015;148:547-55.
36. O’Leary JG, Landaverde C, Jennings L, Goldstein RM, Davis GL. Patients with NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis are less likely than those with hepatitis C to receive liver transplants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:700-704.e1.
37. Trail KC, Stratta RJ, Larsen JL, et al. Results of liver transplantation in diabetic recipients. Surgery 1993;114:650-6; discussion 656.
38. Gitto S, De Maria N, Marzi L, et al. other members of MEDITRA research group. Pre-transplant diabetes predicts atherosclerotic vascular events and cardiovascular mortality in liver transplant recipients: a long-term follow-up study. Eur J Intern Med 2020;79:70-5.
39. Eshraghian A, Nikeghbalian S, Kazemi K, et al. Portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and its impact on early and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation. Int J Clin Pract 2018:e13309.
40. Molinari M, Ayloo S, Tsung A, et al. Prediction of perioperative mortality of cadaveric liver transplant recipients during their evaluations. Transplantation 2019;103:e297-307.
41. Saliba F, Lakehal M, Pageaux GP, et al. Diapason Study Group. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation and impact of hepatitis C infection : an observational multicenter study. Liver Transpl 2007;13:136-44.
42. Kuo HT, Sampaio MS, Ye X, Reddy P, Martin P, Bunnapradist S. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus in adult liver transplant recipients, an analysis of the organ procurement and transplant network/united network for organ sharing database. Transplantation 2010;89:1134-40.
43. Park CW, Tsai NT, Wong LL. Implications of worse renal dysfunction and medical comorbidities in patients with NASH undergoing liver transplant evaluation: impact on MELD and more. Clin Transplant 2011;25:E606-11.
44. Targher G, Chonchol MB, Byrne CD. CKD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;64:638-52.
45. Musso G, Gambino R, Tabibian JH, et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2014;11:e1001680.
46. Chinnadurai R, Chrysochou C, Kalra PA. Increased risk for cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic kidney disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nephron 2019;141:24-30.
47. Paik J, Golabi P, Younoszai Z, Mishra A, Trimble G, Younossi ZM. Chronic kidney disease is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2019;39:342-52.
48. Fussner LA, Charlton MR, Heimbach JK, et al. The impact of gender and NASH on chronic kidney disease before and after liver transplantation. Liver Int 2014;34:1259-66.
49. Ramachandran J, Juneja R, John L, et al. Chronic kidney disease following liver transplantation: a South Australian experience. Transplant Proc 2010;42:3644-6.
50. VanWagner LB, Lapin B, Skaro AI, Lloyd-Jones DM, Rinella ME. Impact of renal impairment on cardiovascular disease mortality after liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis. Liver Int 2015;35:2575-83.
51. Agopian VG, Kaldas FM, Hong JC, et al. Liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the new epidemic. Ann Surg 2012;256:624-33.
52. Molnar MZ, Joglekar K, Jiang Y, et al. Global NAFLD Consortium. Association of pretransplant renal function with liver graft and patient survival after liver transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Transpl 2019;25:399-410.
53. Houlihan DD, Armstrong MJ, Davidov Y, et al. Renal function in patients undergoing transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: time to reconsider immunosuppression regimens? Liver Transpl 2011;17:1292-8.
54. Sharma S, Stine JG, Verbeek T, Bezinover D. Management of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis undergoing liver transplantation: considerations for the anesthesiologist. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth ;2021:S1053-0770(21)00601.
55. Malik SM, deVera ME, Fontes P, Shaikh O, Ahmad J. Outcome after liver transplantation for NASH cirrhosis. Am J Transplant 2009;9:782-93.
56. Pastori D, Loffredo L, Perri L, et al. Relation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and Framingham Risk Score to flow-mediated dilation in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Cardiol 2015;115:1402-6.
57. Kim BJ, Kim NH, Kim BS, Kang JH. The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive individuals. Cardiology 2012;123:54-61.
58. Patel SS, Nabi E, Guzman L, et al. Coronary artery disease in decompensated patients undergoing liver transplantation evaluation. Liver Transpl 2018;24:333-42.
59. van Kuijk JP, Flu WJ, Schouten O, et al. Timing of noncardiac surgery after coronary artery stenting with bare metal or drug-eluting stents. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1229-34.
60. Liu H, Jayakumar S, Traboulsi M, Lee SS. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Implications for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2017;23:826-35.
61. Laryea M, Watt KD, Molinari M, et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and association with major vascular events. Liver Transpl 2007;13:1109-14.
62. Rubín A, Sánchez-Montes C, Aguilera V, et al. Long-term outcome of “long-term liver transplant survivors”. Transpl Int 2013;26:740-50.
63. Stepanova M, Younossi ZM. Independent association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease in the US population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:646-50.
64. Lu H, Liu H, Hu F, Zou L, Luo S, Sun L. Independent association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:124958.
65. Wang X, Li J, Riaz DR, Shi G, Liu C, Dai Y. Outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:394-402.e1.
66. Nagai S, Collins K, Chau LC, et al. Increased risk of death in first year after liver transplantation among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis vs liver disease of other etiologies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:2759-2768.e5.
67. Fussner LA, Heimbach JK, Fan C, et al. Cardiovascular disease after liver transplantation: when, what, and who is at risk. Liver Transpl 2015;21:889-96.
68. Sprinzl MF, Weinmann A, Lohse N, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its association with fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2013;26:67-74.
69. Sgourakis G, Dedemadi G. Corticosteroid-free immunosuppression in liver transplantation: an evidence-based review. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:10703-14.
70. Gilad O, Rabinowich L, Levy S, et al. Metabolic and renal effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors treatment after liver transplantation: real-life single-center experience. Transplant Proc 2021;53:221-7.
71. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R, Pinna AD, Zoli M. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008;14:1648-54.
72. O’grady J, Burroughs A, Hardy P, Elbourne D, Truesdale A. Tacrolimus versus microemulsified ciclosporin in liver transplantation: the TMC randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2002;360:1119-25.
73. Hüsing A, Kabar I, Schmidt HH. Lipids in liver transplant recipients. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:3315-24.
74. Losurdo G, Castellaneta A, Rendina M, Carparelli S, Leandro G, Di Leo A. Systematic review with meta-analysis: de novo non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver-transplanted patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;47:704-14.
75. Burra P, Germani G. Orthotopic liver transplantation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2014;9:210-6.
76. Tokodai K, Karadagi A, Kjaernet F, Romano A, Ericzon BG, Nowak G. Characteristics and risk factors for recurrence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis following liver transplantation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019;54:233-9.
77. Ong J, Younossi ZM, Reddy V, et al. Cryptogenic cirrhosis and posttransplantation nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Transpl 2001;7:797-801.
78. El Atrache MM, Abouljoud MS, Divine G, et al. Recurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis following orthotopic liver transplantation in the context of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Transplant 2012;26:E505-12.
79. Dumortier J, Giostra E, Belbouab S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver transplant recipients: another story of “seed and soil”. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:613-20.
80. Burke A, Lucey MR. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2004;4:686-93.
82. Yalamanchili K, Saadeh S, Klintmalm GB, Jennings LW, Davis GL. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Transpl 2010;16:431-9.
83. Vallin M, Guillaud O, Boillot O, Hervieu V, Scoazec JY, Dumortier J. Recurrent or de novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation: natural history based on liver biopsy analysis. Liver Transpl 2014;20:1064-71.
84. Narayanan P, Mara K, Izzy M, et al. Recurrent or de novo allograft steatosis and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2019;103:e14-21.