fig4

Figure 4. Distribution and prevalence of species-specific functional traits in B. bifidum. The heatmap illustrates the prevalence of KEGG orthologs (KOs) belonging to the B. bifidum soft-core that are absent or rare in other HBS (top part) and PBS (bottom part). The color intensity and the numbers within each cell represent the total count of genomes per species harboring each specific KO, underscoring the high conservation of these traits across the 1,351 B. bifidum genomes. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; HBS: human-associated bifidobacterial species; PBS: phylogenetically related B. bifidum species.