fig1

Figure 1. (A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication procedure for CIP@C@LM; (B-E) Representative SEM images tracking the morphological evolution: (B) pristine CIP, (C) CIP@C, and (D and E) the final CIP@C@LM product; (F-K) TEM analysis: (F) low-magnification overview, (G) image of a single particle, (H) magnified views of the shell edge structure, (I) HRTEM image showing lattice fringes (J) magnified view detailing the structural dimensions, and (K) the corresponding SAED pattern; (L-Q) HAADF-STEM image (L) and corresponding EDS elemental mappings of Fe (M), C (N), O (O), Ga (P), and In (Q) acquired from the shell region. CIP: Carbonyl iron powder; LM: liquid metal; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; DI: deionized; HRTEM: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; SAED: selected area electron diffraction; HAADF-STEM: high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy; EDS: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.