fig6

Figure 6. Representative studies of engineered exosome-based drug delivery, cellular uptake, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy. (A, B, E) Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with doxorubicin for systemic delivery, tumor accumulation, three-dimensional tumor-spheroid penetration, and in vivo therapeutic evaluation. Scale bars: 200 µm in (B, E). Reprinted with permission^[162]. Copyright 2022, Taylor & Francis. (C and D) Characterization of engineered blood exosomes and D-Exos/miR21i-L17E for tumor-targeting gene/chemo combination therapy. Reprinted with permission^[163]. Copyright 2020, Ivyspring International Publisher. (F-M) Generation of TRAIL-expressing exosomes and triptolide-loaded engineered exosomes, together with ultrastructural characterization, surface-marker validation, in vivo imaging, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy assessment. (G) scale bar: 100 nm. (J-M) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Reprinted with permission^[164]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. DOX: Doxorubicin; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TRAIL: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TPL: triptolide.