fig3

Figure 3. The energy storage performance of BTO/STO-BFO SPE film on (111)-STO substrate. (A) The P-E loops of BTO, BTO/STO SLs and BTO/STO-BFO SPE films under the same electric field, and the inset shows the corresponding I-E curves; (B) The P-E loops of BTO, BTO/STO SLs and BTO/STO-BFO SPE films under the E_bre; (C) The P-E loops of BTO/STO-BFO SPE film under different E; (D) The W_rec and η of BTO, BTO/STO SLs and BTO/STO-BFO SPE films with different E; (E) Comparison of W_rec and η with those reported in literatures. BTO: Barium titanate; STO: strontium titanate; BFO: bismuth ferrite; SLs: superlattices; SPE: superparaelectric; P-E: polarization-electric field; I-E: current-electric field; E: electric field; E_bre: electric breakdown strength; W_rec: recoverable energy density; η: energy storage efficiency; BNT: Ba1−xNi_xTiO₃; BZTS: BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃-2%Sm₂O₃; BLF: Bi_0.993La_0.007FeO₃; CMBST: (Ce, Mn) co-doped Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃; BSO: BiScO₃; BMT: Bi(Mg, Ti)O₃; BZT: barium zirconate titanate; BCT: barium calcium titanate; BTO-BFO: barium titanate-bismuth ferrite; BST: barium strontium titanate; BTO-BST: barium titanate-barium strontium titanate.