fig22

Figure 22. Evolution from macroscopic domains to PNRs during composition-driven FE to RFE transition, enhancing ESP. (A) Schematic of evolution of dielectric response, P-E hysteresis loop, and polar microstructure during the composition-driven FE to RFE transition; (B) The characterization of the polar microstructure by piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) for BNT-BT and BNT-BT-BMN. This figure is quoted with permission from Guo et al.^[166]; (C-E) Composition-dependent evolution of P-E loops for (1-x)BNT-xSrTiO₃, (1-x)(K_0.45Na_0.49Li_0.06)NbO₃-xSrTiO₃, and (1-x)AgNbO₃-x(Sr_0.7Bi_0.2)HfO₃ systems, respectively. This figure is quoted with permission from Xu et al.^[169]. PNRs: Polar nanoregions; FE: ferroelectric; ESP: energy storage performance; RFE: relaxor ferroelectric; BNT-BT-BMN: (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃-BaTiO₃-Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃.